基于语言距离计算方法的语言研究及其进展  

Methods and Research Progress of Language Distance Calculation

作　　者：王乙婷 彭爽[1] WANG Yiting;PENG Shuang(School of Literature,Northeast Normal University)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学文学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第2期280-298,共19页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国境内语言核心词汇声学数据库及计算研究”(19ZDA300)的成果之一。

摘　　要：语言距离计算是在生物学相关理论影响下产生的语言研究方法。本文系统梳理了近年来语言距离计算的研究方法和研究现状,指出语言距离计算主要应用于语言共时和历时视角下的相互关系、语言年代分化和语言变化速率、语言距离和地理距离的关系等方面的研究;距离计算的研究方法也从间接赋值向直接计算发展。多研究领域拓展、注重客观测量和跨学科协作是语言距离计算研究的三大趋势与特征。近年来,语言距离计算无论从内容上还是深度上都取得许多突破性进展。Language distance calculation is a sophisticated method to measure the relationships between languages,which draws inspiration from theories in bidogy.This method has gained significant traction in recent years,with researchers employing it to explore the intricate connections between languages from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives.The primary application of language distance calculation is to understand the genetic relationships among languages,which involves analyzing the degree of similarity or difference between two languages.This can be achieved by examining language chronological differentiation,which looks at how languages have evolved over time,and the rate of language change,which quantifies the speed at which languages diverge or converge.Additionally,researchers are interested in the correlation between language distance and geographical distance,exploring whether languages spoken in close proximity tend to be more similar than those spoken far apart.Language distance calculation has gone through significant development in terms of its research methods.At its incipient stage,languages were assigned distances based on subjective judgments or limited data,whose assignment is"indirect"in nature.Whereas recently,the approach has evolved to direct calculation,which employs advanced algorithms and large datasets to provide more accurate and objective measurements.This shift has been driven by advancements in computational linguistics and the availability of digital language resources.Furthermore,the study of language distance calculation is marked by its multidisciplinary nature,with researchers from various fields such as linguistics,computer science,and anthropology collaborating to develop new methods and theories.This cross-disciplinary approach has led to a more comprehensive understanding of language evolution and the factors that influence it.In recent years,there has been a notable breakthrough in the depth and breadth of research on language distance calculation.Scholars have not only exp

关 键 词：语言距离 语言关系 年代分化 语言发源地 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]