区位导向型政策与企业跨地区经营  

Place-Based Policies and Corporate Cross-Regional Operations

作　　者：陈勇兵[1,2] 李笑萦 程垦 Chen Yongbing;Li Xiaoying;Cheng Ken

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院 [2]厦门大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心 [3]合肥工业大学经济学院,230601

出　　处：《世界经济》2025年第4期87-116,共30页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA067)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：破除企业跨地区经营的壁垒是破解中国区域发展失衡难题、畅通国内大循环的核心突破口。本文将中国西部大开发政策作为准实验,采用地理断点回归方法,探讨区位导向型政策对企业跨地区经营选址的影响与作用机制。研究发现,西部大开发这项区位导向型政策实施后,西部地区吸引企业进行的跨地区经营活动相较于邻近的非西部地区显著增加。本文还进一步验证,优惠税率带来的“政策租”是驱动企业跨地区经营的主要动力,尤其是非西部地区的民营总公司、融资约束压力大的总公司,追逐“政策租”的动机更强,是在西部地区开展跨地区经营活动的主力军。然而,与地方优势产业深度关联的“集聚租”尚未在企业跨地区经营中显现效力,未来需要进一步激发“政策租”对“集聚租”的撬动和引导作用,加速产业空间布局的优化。The Chinese economy has now entered a phase of high-quality development, though imbalances in regional progress persist as a significant challenge. Implementing coordinated regional development strategies is essential to address these disparities. Place-based policies(PBPs) serve as a catalyst for regional equilibrium by leveraging targeted incentives to activate local comparative advantages. For firms-the primary micro-level agents of policy implementation-capitalising on crossregional operations enables optimal utilisation of geographically dispersed market opportunities and heterogeneous resources, representing a critical growth strategy within China's vast domestic market. Crucially, this spatial distribution of firms' internal organisation also substantially influences regional specialisation patterns and wage disparities.To comprehensively characterise corporate cross-regional activities, this study constructs parentbranch affiliation networks using China's business registration data from 2001 to 2018, subsequently implementing county-level geographic positioning. To address endogeneity concerns, the research takes the Western Development Policy as a quasi-natural experiment, employing geographic regression discontinuity design(GRDD) to establish causal effects of PBPs on corporate cross-regional operations while investigating underlying mechanisms. This study contributes to the literature on firms' spatial organisational distribution by presenting compelling evidence from a major developing economy context.The analysis yields two key findings. First, following implementation of the Western Development Policy, western counties attracted 37.96% to 38.29% more cross-regional branches on average compared to adjacent non-western counties. Second, these changes are predominantly driven by “policy rents” generated through western preferential tax rates. Empirical results demonstrate that the impact of such “policy rents” is particularly pronounced for private parent companies exhibiting both stronger tax

关 键 词：区位导向型政策 跨地区经营 地理断点回归 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济]