坡度对松针火蔓延及阻燃隔火带抑制效应研究  

Slope effect on pine needle fire spread suppression in firebreaks

作　　者：许红升 胡伟兆 XU Hongsheng;HU Weizhao(National Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第4期672-680,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFC3080600)。

摘　　要：该研究旨在探讨不同坡度条件下松针的火蔓延特性及阻燃隔火带的有效性。通过计算流体力学(CFD)模拟结合实际测试物性参数,分析了火焰传播速度、热释放速率、燃烧温度场等关键参数与坡度(0°、30°、45°、60°)之间的关系。结果表明,坡度显著影响火焰的传播行为,坡度越大,火焰传播速度越快,燃烧时间越短,热释放速率越大。此外,10 cm阻燃隔火带在30°坡度下有效阻止了火焰蔓延;但在45°和60°条件下,由于火焰浮力效应增强,阻隔带后方的植被仍有被引燃的风险。该研究提出了基于坡度的火蔓延预测模型,为复杂地形下的火灾防控设计提供了科学依据。[Objective]The increasing frequency of forest and grassland fires poses significant threats to human safety,property,and ecological stability.Accurately predicting fire spread is crucial for effective fire prevention and control.Traditional methods,such as mechanical tillage,controlled burning,and biological firebreaks,have limitations in terms of efficiency and implementation speed.In contrast,firebreaks established using fire retardants offer numerous advantages,including high effectiveness,minimal disruption to vegetation,and rapid deployment,thus facilitating effective emergency responses.However,the nonlinear behavior of fire spread,influenced by various factors such as topography and fuel characteristics,complicates its analysis and prediction.This study focuses on integrating new fire retardants into efficient firebreaks to enable precise fire management and rapid emergency response.The study investigates the propagation characteristics of pine needle fires on varying slopes and evaluates the effectiveness of firebreaks,aiming to provide scientific insights for developing fire prevention strategies in complex terrains.[Methods]Herein,we utilized version 6.8 of the Wildland Fire Dynamics Simulator,developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.This simulation tool integrates extensive empirical physical parameters,enabling comprehensive analysis of the slope impact on fire spread.Practical tests were conducted to assess the combustion characteristics of pine needles,with key parameters such as flame propagation speed,heat release rate,and combustion temperature distribution being simulated under various slope conditions(0°,30°,45°,and 60°).Additionally,a 10-cm-wide firebreak was introduced to examine the influence of slope on fire behavior and evaluate the effectiveness of this fire control measure at different slopes.This methodology provides a solid scientific foundation for understanding fire spread mechanisms and developing effective countermeasures.[Results]The findings indicate a

关 键 词：火蔓延特性 坡度条件 计算流体力学 阻燃隔火带 火灾防控 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]