隧道内静止列车与运动列车火羽流行为对比分析  

Comparative analysis of fire plume behaviors between stationary and moving trains in a tunnel

作　　者：陈涛 鲁寨军[2,3,4] 周丹[2,3,4] CHEN Tao;LU Zhaijun;Zhou Dan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track,Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,长沙410075 [3]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,长沙410075 [4]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,长沙410075

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第4期707-713,共7页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2022JJ30744)。

摘　　要：为了深入理解隧道内运动列车火羽流演化过程,为铁路隧道运营安全提供理论指导,该文通过开展动模型试验对比分析了隧道内静止列车与运动列车的火羽流行为差异。基于现有动模型试验平台,利用Froude相似准则设计了尺寸1∶10的列车和隧道模型,采用热电偶阵列测量列车顶部和隧道顶棚下方的温度分布,通过安装热流计测量列车顶部的总热流和辐射热流。试验结果表明,与静止列车火灾不同,运动列车火羽流表现为扫掠隧道顶棚向前运动,该文首次将这种流动形式定义为顶棚掠流,并将其演化过程划分为3个阶段;由于热量聚集和隧道壁面热反馈作用,隧道内运动列车火羽流作用下的列车顶部最高温度、最大总热流和最大辐射热流均大于明线工况;运动列车顶棚掠流作用下,隧道顶棚下方最高温度显著降低,纵向温度呈火源上游高、下游低的非对称分布。因此,隧道内运动列车火羽流对车体威胁增大,但对隧道威胁减小。[Objective]When a train catches fire in a tunnel,in order to facilitate the evacuation and rescue of passengers,the train should continue to operate until it exits the tunnel and arrives the next station or the emergency rescue station.To deeply understand the evolution process of moving train plumes in tunnels and provide theoretical guidance for the operation safety of railway tunnels,this study conducted moving model experiments to compare and analyze the differences of fire plumes between stationary and moving trains in a tunnel.[Methods]Based on the existing moving model test platform,a 1:10 train-tunnel model was designed by using the Froude similarity criterion.The head of the train model adopted a streamlined design to avoid the influence of the vortex caused by boundary layer separation on the experimental results.The front surface of the tunnel was designed with fire-resistant transparent tempered glass to facilitate the observation of the train plume behavior.Thermocouple array was used to measure the temperature distribution at the top of the train and under the tunnel ceiling,and the total and radiative heat flux at the top of the train were measured by heat flux gauges.Based on biharmonic spline interpolation algorithm,a Matlab script was written to reconstruct the discrete temperature values on the top of the train,and the two-dimensional temperature distribution contour on the top of the train was obtained.[Results]The results show that,unlike stationary train fires,the fire plume of the moving train moves forward by sweeping the roof of the tunnel.This paper defines this type of flow as“ceiling sweep”for the first time and divides its evolution into three stages:(1)Rise stage.The train fire plume rises and inclines to the upstream of the fire source under the coupling of inertia and viscous forces;(2)Contact stage.Depending on the heat release rate,the train speed and the tunnel height,this stage includes direct flame contact with the ceiling and smoke plume contact with the ceiling.(3)Sweep

关 键 词：运动列车火灾 隧道火灾 火羽流 顶棚射流 顶棚掠流 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]