低气压航空煤油池火燃烧行为分析与模型研究  

Experimental and modeling study on the burning behavior and burning characteristics of aviation kerosene pool fire at sub-atmospheric pressure

作　　者：胡洁[1] 张清元 王晓天 赵金龙[1,2] 黄弘 HU Jie;ZHANG Qingyuan;WANG Xiaotian;ZHAO Jinlong;HUANG Hong(School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Guanghan,618307,China;China Tianchen Engineering Corporation,Tianjin,300232,China;Institute of Public Safety Research,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083 [2]民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室,广汉618307 [3]中国天辰工程有限公司,天津300232 [4]清华大学公共安全研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第4期786-794,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：应急管理部消防救援局重点研发项目(2022XFZD04);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2023JCCXAQ05)。

摘　　要：液体燃料火灾是高原地区常见的事故类型之一,对高原地区的液体燃料储运安全造成了严重威胁。该文通过开展低气压条件下不同油池直径(燃烧尺度)的航空煤油池火实验,探究了全过程的燃烧行为,分析了燃烧速率、火焰高度、火焰辐射占比随燃烧尺度的变化规律。研究表明:相同直径的油池中,处于低气压条件下的航空煤油在稳定燃烧阶段的燃烧速率低于常压条件下的(前者约为后者的0.58),且火焰与油品表面之间的辐射和对流反馈低于常压下的值,并由此推导出了燃烧速率计算模型。由于空气密度的降低,低气压条件下的火焰高度高于常压下的,基于火焰卷吸理论建立了低气压条件下航空煤油无量纲火焰高度预测模型。火焰辐射占比随油池直径的增加缓慢降低,且相同直径的油池中低气压条件下的辐射占比低于常压条件下的,这主要是因为燃烧时碳烟颗粒的减少。研究结果丰富了低气压条件下大尺度航空煤油油池火实验数据,对于保障高原地区航空用油安全具有实际意义。[Objective]In recent years,the development of the economy in plateau areas has resulted in the increase in the flights in plateau areas,resulting in a large demand for aviation kerosene.However,the occasional aviation kerosene pool fire that occurs in plateau areas poses a great threat to the safe storage of aviation kerosene.The burning behavior and the corresponding characteristics of liquid fuels,such as aviation kerosene,are different because of the influences of sub-atmospheric pressure and oxygen amount.Moreover,the available reports in the literature concerning sub-atmospheric pressure are mainly based on small-scale experiments,which are greatly affected by heat convection and heat conduction.Furthermore,the burning characteristics are far from the practical fire conditions in plateau areas,which are mainly controlled by heat radiation.Thus,the burning characteristics of liquid fuel pool fires at large scales remain unclear.This study aims to clarify the difference between the burning characteristics of aviation kerosene pool fire under sub-atmospheric pressure and that under atmospheric pressure as well as develop the corresponding prediction models under sub-atmospheric pressure.[Methods]A series of pool fire experiments using aviation kerosene with different pool diameters under sub-atmospheric pressure(69 kPa)were carried out.The burning behavior during the whole burning process was analyzed.Moreover,the evolution of some important parameters(including mass burning rate,flame height,and radiative fraction)with the pool diameter were measured and analyzed in detail,and the corresponding prediction models were proposed.[Results]The results showed that the burning rate of aviation kerosene under sub-atmospheric pressure was lower than that under atmospheric pressure for the same burning scale and that the ratio of the rate under sub-atmospheric pressure to that under atmospheric pressure was about 0.58.This result is primarily the result of the heat radiation and heat convection feedback between flame an

关 键 词：低气压 航空煤油池火 燃烧速率 火焰高度 辐射占比 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]