中国制造业的数字鸿沟——“接入—应用—转化”的分析框架  

The Digital Divide in China's Manufacturing Industry:An Analytical Framework of Access-Application-Conversion

作　　者：孙晓华[1] 马雪娇 孔一杰 于婷[1] Sun Xiaohua;Ma Xuejiao;Kong Yijie;Yu Ting(School of Economics and Management,Dalian University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2025年第4期38-55,共18页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人工智能大模型驱动的科技创新与产业升级策略研究”(24&ZD050)的资助。

摘　　要：在数字技术与实体经济融合过程中,制造企业之间的数字化进程存在差异,由此产生的数字鸿沟问题是数字经济赋能制造业高质量发展过程中需要讨论的关键议题。本文从理论上探究了制造业数字鸿沟的内涵,基于数字接入、数字应用和数字转化3个层次构建分析框架,提出数字转化沟的形成机理。方法与实证层面,选择基尼系数法对中国制造业全国和区域层面的数字接入沟与数字应用沟加以测算,进而检验了数字转化过程的生产率鸿沟效应。结论如下:数字接入与数字应用分别反映“客观上具备的数字化生产条件”和“主观上采取的数字化实践”,制造业的数字接入沟和数字应用沟均呈现出逐年递减态势;制造业数字转化沟表现为企业数字接入水平与全要素生产率之间的正U型关系;以数字应用水平作为门槛变量,可以将数字转化过程分为掉入数字化陷阱的阵痛期、开始享受数字化红利的转换期和驱动效果由量变到质变的加速期;机制检验显示,经营成本增加是阵痛期企业数字投资失效的重要原因,技术创新成为转换期阶段数字化提升企业生产率的核心动力,协同合作在加速期发挥促进数字蝶变的作用;由数字基础设施、数字人力资本与数字发展政策构成的数字生态建设对数字转化沟弥合存在调节作用。In the process of integration of digital technology and the real economy,there are differences in the digital process among manufacturing enterprises,and the digital divide issue is a key topic to be discussed in the process of the digital economy enabling high-quality development of manufacturing industry.This paper theoretically explores the connotation of the digital divide in the manufacturing industry,constructs an analytical framework for the digital divide based on the three levels of digital access,digital application and digital conversion,and proposes the formation mechanism of the digital conversion divide.At the methodological and empirical level,the Gini coefficient method is chosen to measure the digital access and digital application gaps at the national and regional levels of China's manufacturing industry,and then the productivity gap effect of the digital conversion process is examined.The conclusions are as follows.First,digital access and digital application reflect the"objective digital production conditions"and"subjective digital practices"respectively,and the digital access and digital application gaps in the manufacturing industry show a decreasing trend year by year.Second,digital conversion gap in the manufacturing industry manifests itself in a positive U-shaped relationship between firms'level of digital access and total factor productivity.Third,with the digital application level as the threshold variable,the digital conversion process can be divided into the pain period of falling into the digital trap,the transition period of starting to enjoy the digital dividend,and the acceleration period of driving the effect from quantitative to qualitative change.The mechanism test shows that the increase in operating costs is an important reason for the failure of enterprise digital investment in the pain period,technological innovation has become the core driving force of digital transformation to enhance enterprise productivity in the transition period,and collaboration plays a role in prom

关 键 词：数字鸿沟 基尼系数 数字接入 数字应用 数字转化 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]