临时措施在联合国禁止酷刑委员会中的适用  

Application of Interim Measures in the United Nations Committee against Torture

作　　者：柳华文[1,2] 张昊[3] Liu Huawen;Zhang Hao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所,100720 [2]中国社会科学院人权研究中心,100720 [3]中国社会科学院大学法学院,102488

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2025年第2期192-215,247,共25页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(DF2023YS34)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国内法中的临时措施概念被国际人权条约机构纳入个人申诉程序,以保护申诉人免受不可挽回的损害。临时措施在联合国禁止酷刑委员会中的适用频率很高,常因对缔约国国内事务的过多干预而招致不满。在国际法上,缔约国对国际人权条约机构发出的临时措施并无强制遵守义务,而是依靠善意合作来履行。实践中,禁止酷刑委员会的临时措施决定有时因欠缺对缔约国立场的适当考虑而受到批评,临时措施的适用范围也被认为有扩大之嫌,削弱了缔约国与委员会的合作意愿。问题根源在于禁止酷刑委员会对缔约国有限的履约监督权限和防止酷刑的人权愿景之间的内在矛盾,其自身的机制性局限和临时措施不具有约束力的薄弱性又进一步加重了这种矛盾。禁止酷刑委员会和缔约国都应当加强对临时措施的认识,调整在临时措施决定作出和执行过程中的合作方式,从而加强彼此信任,更好地实现临时措施保护人权的作用。The concept of interim measures in domestic law has been incorporated by international human rights treaty bodies into individual complaints procedures to protect complainants from irreparable harm.Interim measures have been applied with great frequency by the United Nations Committee against Torture,but have provoked dissatisfaction because of their excessive interference in the domestic affairs of States parties.In international law,States parties have no mandatory obligation to comply with interim measures issued by international human rights treaty bodies and rely on good faith cooperation to implement them.In practice,the Committee against Torture's decisions on interim measures have sometimes been criticized for not taking due account of the State party's position,and the scope of application of interim measures has been perceived as expanding,which undermines the willingness of States parties to cooperate with the Committee.The problem stems from the inherent tension between the Committee against Torture's limited competence to monitor States parties'compliance and its broader human rights vision of preventing torture,which is further exacerbated by its own institutional limitations and the weakness of the non-binding nature of interim measures.To address these challenges,both the Committee against Torture and States parties should strengthen their understanding of interim measures and adjust the way in which they cooperate in the process of deciding on and implementing interim measures.In this way,mutual trust can be strengthened and the potential of interim measures to protect human rights can be better realised.

关 键 词：禁止酷刑 临时措施 个人来文 条约机构 人权条约 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]