社会性规制的运行机理与效果优化——以环评审批改革为例  

Operation Mechanism and Optimization Path of Social Regulation——Taking EIA Regulatory Reform as an Example

作　　者：马允[1] 刘子婧 Ma Yun;Liu Zijing(the Law School of China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249;the Law School of Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京102249 [2]浙江大学光华法学院,杭州310008

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2025年第2期27-38,144,共13页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“国家公园体制中的保护地役权制度研究”(编号:21CFX063)。

摘　　要：以安全、健康和环境为核心领域的社会性规制在规制结构、作用机理和价值导向上具有区别于经济性规制的特征。在规制改革的路径选择和工具设计上,应对二者作出差异化的制度安排。环评审批参与并塑造了社会性规制改革的样本——基于建设项目审批全流程改革的目标整合和任务分解,环评改革呈现出对经济性规制改革的路径依赖和工具复刻,然而在目标锚定、工具创新和效能评价上与具有风险预防、规制科学和反身法特征的环评存在不适配。须对当下以“政府-市场”为主导的单一改革范式予以纠偏,以险基规制补足风险面向,以循证决策补足科学面向,以非市场化绩效评价体系补足效能面向,从而实现对社会性规制改革“社会”面向的体系性重塑。Social regulation,with a focus on safety,health,and the environment,exhibits distinct characteristics in its regulatory structure,operational mechanisms,and value orientation in contrast with economic regulation.Regulatory reforms in the field of social regulation demands differentiated institutional arrangements in terms of its path and the design of regulatory tools.Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)actively participates in and shapes the sample of social regulation reform in the“Reform of Governmental Functions”.Examining the comprehensive process reform of construction project approval,the EIA reform presents path dependency by importing regulatory tools adopted in economic regulation reform.This leads to a misalignment in target setting,tool innovation,and performance evaluation with the core functions of EIA,which are precaution,regulatory science,and as a reflective mechanism.It is imperative to rectify the current reform paradigm dominated solely by the“state-market”model.This can be achieved by supplementing the risk aspect through risk-based regulation,the scientific aspect through evidence-based decision-making,and the effectiveness aspect through a non-market performance evaluation system,thereby realizing a systematic reshaping of the“social”dimension in social regulation reforms.

关 键 词：社会性规制 经济性规制 环境影响评价 营商环境 规制改革 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]