制度与生活的纠葛:清代京师旗人戏禁的形成历程  

The Entanglement of Institution and Life:The Formation of Theatrical Prohibitions for Bannermen in the Qing Dynasty Capital

作　　者：刘东昇 Liu Dongsheng

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2025年第3期49-67,146,共20页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：故宫博物院桃李计划;万科公益基金会专项经费资助。

摘　　要：清代前中期,有关旗人戏禁的政令不断出台并逐渐走向制度化,尤以京师地区最为典型。旗人戏禁即清廷指令各级管理机构对旗人的戏曲活动加以严格查禁,一是禁止旗人赴园听戏游逛,二是禁止旗人于市井登台演出。顺治朝与康熙朝初步颁行禁止旗人听戏的政令,雍正朝基本形成旗人戏禁的制度体系,乾隆朝将该体系正式确立为法律定制。旗人戏禁的发展与形成主要基于清廷的八旗制度及其统治策略,相关行政机构与旗人的博弈则起到侧面推动作用。不过,因清廷始终未能充分考虑旗人戏曲娱乐的现实需求,故其戏禁政策的制度逻辑与旗人的生活逻辑在社会治理实践中反复碰撞、难以相容。最终,旗人戏禁的制度规范虽不断趋于完善,却无可挽回地走向失败的结局。During the early and mid-Qing Dynasty,policies prohibiting Manchu bannermen from engaging in theatrical activities were continuously issued and gradually institutionalized,with the capital region being the most representative.The prohibition on bannermen's theatrical activities,known as the bannermen's theatrical prohibitions,involved strict bans enforced by various levels of administrative authorities.These bans included two main aspects:first,prohibiting bannermen from visiting theaters and entertainment venues,and second,forbidding them from performing on public stages.The reigns of Shunzhi and Kangxi saw the initial issuance of decrees banning bannermen from attending theatrical performances,while the Yongzheng era marked the formation of a systematic framework for these prohibitions.By the Qianlong period,this framework was formally established as a legal institution.The development and institutionalization of the bannermen's theatrical prohibitions were primarily based on the Qing court's Eight Banners system and its ruling strategies,with the interactions between administrative institutions and the bannermen playing a secondary role in driving these policies forward.However,as the Qing court consistently failed to adequately consider the bannermen's actual needs for theatrical entertainment,the institutional logic of the prohibition policies clashed repeatedly with the bannermen's way of life in social governance practices,rendering the two incompatible.Ultimately,despite the continuous refinement of the institutional norms surrounding the bannermen's theatrical prohibitions,the policy inevitably met with failure.

关 键 词：清代政治 京师旗人 戏曲禁令 八旗制度 社会治理 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]