数据要素、生成式人工智能与居民就业  

Data Factors,Generative Artificial Intelligence and Employment

作　　者：李晓龙[1] 陈宠 廖乐伟 秦雪征[4] Li Xiaolong;Chen Chong;Liao Lewei;Qin Xuezheng(School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications;Faculty of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Guanghua School of Management,Peking University;School of Economics,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学经济管理学院 [2]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院 [3]北京大学光华管理学院 [4]北京大学经济学院

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2025年第2期3-24,共22页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金应急管理项目(批准号:72241419)的成果之一;北京大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目、北京大学数量经济与数理金融教育部重点实验室的支持。

摘　　要：随着数字经济的不断发展,人工智能技术和数据要素在促进经济增长的同时,也对劳动力市场带来了深远的影响。本文通过构建内生增长模型,探讨生成式人工智能对经济增长和劳动力市场的影响,尤其是数据要素在人工智能训练过程中的重要性。研究结果表明,在分散经济体达到稳态时,尽管人工智能会替代一部分劳动力,但居民能够在减少数据要素和劳动供给的情况下,提升消费水平和自身福利。然而,当数据要素的使用受到限制时,不仅经济增长会放缓,居民福利也将下降。进一步分析发现,劳动供给弹性的引入限制了数据要素的积累时间,导致经济体达到稳态的时间出现滞后。基于此,本文提出了关于数据要素市场建设的政策建议。With the continuous development of the digital economy,artificial intelligence technologies and data factors have profoundly impacted the labor market while promoting economic growth.This paper explores how generative artificial intelligence impacts economic growth and the labor market by constructing an endogenous growth model,focusing on the importance of data factors in the AI training process.The research findings indicate that when decentralized economies reach a steady state,although AI may replace some labor,residents can improve their consumption levels and welfare even with a reduced supply of data factors and labor.However,when the use of data factors is restricted,not only does economic growth slow down,but the welfare of residents also declines.Further analysis reveals that the introduction of an elastic labor supply limits the time available for accumulating data factors,resulting in a delay for the economy to reach a steady state.Based on this,we propose policy recommendations for building the data factors market.

关 键 词：人工智能 数据要素 劳动力市场 经济增长 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]