纵向分化与横向接触——中国民族语言592个语档的系统发生网络分析  

Longitudinal Divergence and Horizontal Contact:A Phylogenetic Network Analysis of 592 Doculects in China's Ethnic Minority Languages

作　　者：王帅[1] 冉启斌[1] WANG Shuai;RAN Qibin

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071

出　　处：《民族语文》2025年第2期13-22,共10页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国境内语言核心词汇声学数据库及计算研究(19ZDA300)”的成果之一。

摘　　要：本文以中国境内的592个民族语语档为对象,基于ASJP模式的语言距离计算,结合系统发生网络理论与方法,考察了中国民族语言的系统发生网状关系。结果显示,民族语言内部横向接触程度和同质性要低于汉语方言。从语系层面来看,南岛语系语言间的横向接触最多;阿尔泰语系语言间的横向接触最少。阿尔泰语系内部的同质性最高,差异最小;汉藏语系内部的同质性最低,差异最大。从语族的层面看,印度尼西亚语族语言间的横向接触最多;满—通古斯语族语言间的横向接触最少。突厥语族内部的同质性最高;藏缅语族内部的同质性最低。基于距离计算的系统发生网络分析为中国民族语言的复杂关系提供了数据。通过可视化和量化的手段,我们能够相对容易地从总体上了解语言的纵向分化和横向接触。This study examines the phylogenetic network relationships of 592 doculects of ethnic minority language in China,based on the distance calculation method of ASJP(Automated Similarity Judgment Program) and applying phylogenetic network theory and methods.The results show that the degree of horizontal contact and homogeneity within ethnic minority languages is lower than that within Chinese dialects.From the perspective of language families,the Austronesian languages exhibit the highest level of horizontal contact,while the Altaic languages show the least.The Altaic languages demonstrate the highest homogeneity and the smallest differences,whereas the Sino-Tibetan languages display the lowest homogeneity and the greatest differences.From the perspective of language branches,the Indonesian languages exhibit the most horizontal contact,while the Manchu-Tungusic languages show the least.The Turkic languages exhibit the highest homogeneity,whereas the Tibeto-Burman languages exhibit the lowest.Based on distance calculation,phylogenetic network provides a series of data for China's ethnic minority languages.Through visualization and quantification,it enables a relatively straightforward and comprehensive understanding of longitudinal divergence and horizontal contact of these languages.

关 键 词：中国民族语言 系统发生网络 Delta值 Q-residual值 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]