2022-2023年南疆小麦区试品种综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Wheat Regional Trial Varieties in Southern Xinjiang in 2022-2023

作　　者：杨秋侠 黄鑫 杨志刚 李字辉 张慧 张健 温文康 王景耀 YANG Qiu-xia;HUANG Xin;YANG Zhi-gang(Agricultural Science Research Institute of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Alar,Xinjiang 843300)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]十六团农业发展服务中心,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]七团农业发展服务中心,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第8期24-28,32,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关项目“早熟、耐密植、抗倒伏、高产冬小麦新品种选育(阿农冬9号)”(2024AB010);兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划项目“南疆冬小麦密植匀播适宜行距研究”(2024NY06);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦现代农业产业技术体系专项。

摘　　要：[目的]了解新疆南疆冬麦区小麦种质的遗传多样性特征,综合分析其利用价值。[方法]以2022-2023年南疆冬小麦区域试验的55个小麦品种(系)为材料,对株高、分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量等11个主要农艺和产量性状指标进行综合分析与评价。[结果]55份小麦种质资源具有丰富的表型多样性。11个农艺和产量性状的变异系数为1.23%~14.39%,平均8.32%。相关分析结果表明,产量与有效穗数呈显著负相关,与3因素的穗粒数、千粒重呈正相关,最高总茎数、株高、穗长、小穗粒数均与产量呈正相关。按照特征值>1的原则选取前3个主成分,累计贡献率为59.74%,代表55份种质资源的绝大部分信息。聚类分析将55份小麦品种(系)在欧氏距离3.2处被分为3个类群,各类群都表现出不同的品种属性,可根据育种目标选择不同类群的品种(系)配制组合,以提高育种效率。[结论]明确了55个小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性特点及其在农艺、产量方面的利用价值,为新疆南疆冬小麦新品种的选育和遗传多样性的拓展提供理论依据。[Objective]To deeply explore the genetic diversity characteristics of wheat germplasm in the winter wheat zone of southern Xinjiang and comprehensively assess its utilization potential.[Method]This study focused on 55 wheat varieties(lines)participating in the 2022-2023 regional trial.These varieties were subjected to a rigorous analysis and evaluation of 11 key agronomic and yield traits,encompassing plant height,tiller count,spike grain number,thousand-grain weight,and overall yield.[Result]The findings reveal a remarkable phenotypic diversity among the 55 wheat germplasm resources.The coefficients of variation for these agronomic and yield traits span a wide range,from a minimum of 1.23%to a maximum of 14.39%,with an average of 8.32%.This suggests a considerable genetic variation within the studied wheat varieties,offering rich potential for breeding programs.Correlation analysis further unveils intricate relationships among the traits.Notably,a significant negative correlation exists between yield and effective panicle number,indicating that increased panicle counts may not necessarily translate into higher yields.Conversely,positive correlations are observed between yield and both grain number per panicle and thousand-grain weight,suggesting that these traits could serve as targets for yield improvement strategies.Additionally,traits such as total stem count,plant height,panicle length,and grain number per small panicle exhibit positive correlations with yield,highlighting their potential significance in breeding efforts.To further condense the vast information contained in these traits,principal component analysis(PCA)was employed.By selecting the first three principal components based on the criterion of eigenvalues greater than 1,a cumulative contribution rate of 59.74%was achieved.This represents a significant reduction in dimensionality while capturing the majority of genetic variation present in the 55 germplasm resources.Cluster analysis was then conducted to categorize the wheat varieties(lines)into

关 键 词：小麦 农艺性状 相关性分析 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]