掺氨燃烧氨区储罐泄漏扩散模拟及应急策略分析  

Simulation and Emergency Strategy Analysis of Ammonia Leakage andDiffusion in Ammonia Combustion Storage

作　　者：胡兵[1,2] 冯汉升 HU Bing;FENG Hansheng(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center,Hefei 230001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学安全科学与工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院,安徽合肥230001

出　　处：《山东化工》2025年第7期229-232,共4页Shandong Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4005700)。

摘　　要：在实现碳中和与碳达峰目标的大环境下,向燃煤发电机组中添加氨气进行燃烧是一种减少碳排放的有效途径。鉴于燃烧过程中需要大量的液态氨,而现有的发电厂氨储存区容量不足,因此需要对氨储存区进行扩展。然而,液态氨作为一种危险化学品,其大量储存可能构成严重的安全风险,所以为了提高火电厂煤掺氨燃烧新建氨区的安全性及减少液氨泄漏事故可能造成的人员伤亡和财产损失,对氨区液氨泄漏事故进行模拟分析与应急策略研究。通过选取氨储存区的液态氨罐作为研究对象,并运用ALOHA数值模拟技术对发电厂液态氨泄漏事故进行了模拟。通过构建液态氨泄漏的假设情景,并在ALOHA软件中输入相关的泄漏参数及环境条件,模拟得到了液态氨有毒蒸气云的扩散范围以及沸腾液体扩展蒸汽爆炸(BLEVE)事故的潜在影响区域。并且将模拟数据与MARPLOT软件中的卫星云图进行匹配,实现实地拟合。研究结果表明:在氨气中毒事故和蒸气云爆炸事故情境下,毒气扩散造成的危害远超于爆炸事故,并根据模拟结果为液氨泄漏事故的应急处置策略提供科学技术依据。In the context of achieving carbon neutrality and peak carbon goals,adding ammonia to the combustion process of coal-fired power generation units is an effective way to reduce carbon emissions.Given that the combustion process requires a large amount of liquid ammonia,and existing power plant ammonia storage areas are insufficient,it is necessary to expand the ammonia storage areas.However,as a dangerous chemical,the storage of large amounts of liquid ammonia may pose serious safety risks.Therefore,to enhance the safety of new ammonia areas in coal-fired power plants with ammonia combustion and to reduce casualties and property losses that may result from liquid ammonia leakage accidents,a simulation analysis and emergency strategy study of ammonia leakage accidents in ammonia areas are conducted.By selecting the liquid ammonia tanks in the ammonia storage area as the research object and using the ALOHA numerical simulation technology to simulate liquid ammonia leakage accidents in power plants.By constructing hypothetical scenarios of liquid ammonia leakage and entering relevant leakage parameters and environmental conditions into the ALOHA software,the diffusion range of toxic liquid ammonia vapor clouds and the potential impact area of boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions(BLEVE)accidents were simulated.The simulation data was then matched with satellite cloud images in the MARPLOT software to achieve on-site fitting.The results show that in the case of ammonia poisoning accidents and vapor cloud explosion accidents,the hazards caused by toxic gas diffusion far exceed those of explosion accidents,and provide scientific and technological basis for emergency response strategies for liquid ammonia leakage accidents based on the simulation results.

关 键 词：掺氨燃烧 液氨储罐 泄漏扩散 ALOHA 氨区 应急策略 

分 类 号：X507[环境科学与工程—环境工程]