从同化到“共生”:日本对阿伊努原住民政策研究  

From Assimilation to“Symbiosis”:Research on Japan s Policy towards the Ainu Indigenous Inhabitants

作　　者：肖湘凌 XIAO Xiangling(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2025年第2期27-40,共14页Japanese Research

基　　金：教育部高校国别和区域研究备案中心四川师范大学日韩研究院资助项目“原住民权利研究——以日本阿伊努民族政策为例”(2024RHZC012)。

摘　　要：阿伊努人作为生活在日本列岛北部及其附近地区的原住民,其民族身份与民族权益长期被忽视。近年来,日本纠正对阿伊努人的强制同化政策,颁布《阿伊努民族支援法》,首次在法律上承认阿伊努人原住民身份,强调民族“共生”。这一转变的原因,除阿伊努人争取民族权利的压力以外,还与国际舆论和现实利益密切相关。尽管日本政府已对阿伊努民族政策做出改变,但更多聚焦于文化和旅游层面,实质性原住民权利的赋予尚未完全到位。今后,日本政府仍然面临着恢复阿伊努人原住民权利、正视侵略历史、消除民族歧视等历史遗留问题。The Ainu people,as indigenous inhabitants of the northern regions of the Japanese archipelago and surrounding areas,have long suffered from the neglect of their ethnic identity and rights.In recent years,Japan has sought to rectify its past policies of forced assimilation towards the Ainu people by enacting the Ainu Ethnicity Support Law.This marks the first legal recognition of the Ainu people as indigenous inhabitants,emphasizing a notion of ethnic“symbiosis”.The shift can be attributed not only to pressure from the Ainu people for their rights but also to international public opinion and pragmatic interests.Despite the Japanese government’s changes in Ainu policies,the focus has primarily been on cultural and touristic aspects,with substantive granting of indigenous rights yet to be fully realized.In the future,the Japanese government still faces challenges in restoring Ainu indigenous rights,acknowledging historical aggression,and eliminating ethnic discrimination.

关 键 词：日本 阿伊努人 民族政策 同化 共生 

分 类 号：D562[政治法律—政治学]