系统溶栓治疗下肢骨折合并远端深静脉血栓形成的疗效及安全性  

Efficacy and Safety of Systemic Thrombolysis in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Fracture Complicated With Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis

作　　者：廖世强 史书茗 张强[1] 李传勇 郑光锋 潘知常 戎建杰 LIAO Shiqiang;SHI Shuming;ZHANG Qiang;LI Chuanyong;ZHENG Guangfeng;PAN Zhichang;RONG Jianjie(Department of Vascular Surgery,Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学附属苏州市中医医院血管外科,江苏苏州215003

出　　处：《中国医学科学院学报》2025年第2期237-243,共7页Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae

基　　金：苏州市科学技术局重点临床技术研究项目(SKY2023005);苏州市卫生健康委员会临床重点病种诊疗技术专项项目(LCZX202214);苏州市科学技术局医工结合协同创新研究项目(SLJ2022024)。

摘　　要：目的评估系统溶栓(ST)与标准抗凝(SA)治疗下肢骨折合并远端深静脉血栓形成(DDVT)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年12月收治的60例下肢骨折合并DDVT患者的临床资料。下肢静脉造影提示小腿血栓负荷评分≥3分时,由健侧股静脉成功置入可回收型下腔静脉滤器(IVCF)后,再行骨科手术。术后进一步抗凝或溶栓治疗,根据治疗方法的不同,分为ST组(尿激酶系统溶栓+标准抗凝治疗)和SA组(标准抗凝治疗),每组30例。比较两组小腿血栓负荷评分、血栓溶解率、IVCF放置时间、取出率、拦截血栓情况、血红蛋白、血小板、D-二聚体及并发症。结果治疗前SA组和ST组小腿血栓负荷评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.431),治疗后两组评分均显著降低(P均<0.001),且治疗后ST组评分显著低于SA组(P=0.002)。ST组血栓溶解率显著高于SA组(P<0.001)。两组IVCF放置时间差异无统计学意义(P=0.359),取出率均为100%,ST组拦截血栓情况显著少于SA组(P=0.002)。两组血红蛋白(P=0.238)、血小板(P=0.914)、D-二聚体(P=0.756)治疗前差异均无统计学意义,治疗后两组血小板均显著升高(P均<0.001)、D-二聚体均显著降低(P均<0.001)。两组并发症差异无统计学意义(P=0.704)。结论SA与ST治疗下肢骨折合并DDVT均安全有效,值得临床应用。与SA相比,ST有助于提高小腿血栓溶解率,降低IVCF相关血栓形成的风险。Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic thrombolysis(ST)and standard anticoagulation(SA)in the treatment of lower extremity fracture complicated with distal deep vein thrombosis(DDVT).Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 60 patients with lower extremity fracture complicated with DDVT treated from January 2021 to December 2023.When the lower limb venography indicated a calf thrombus burden score≥3 points,a retrievable inferior vena cava filter(IVCF)was successfully placed in the healthy femoral vein before orthopedic surgery.The patients who received further anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy after surgery were allocated into a ST group(n=30,urokinase ST and SA)and a SA group(n=30,only SA).The two groups were compared in terms of calf thrombus burden score,thrombus dissolution rate,IVCF placement time,IVCF retrieval rate,intercepted thrombi,hemoglobin level,platelet count,D-dimer level,and complications.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the calf thrombus burden score between the two groups before treatment(P=0.431).However,after treatment,the scores in both groups decreased(both P<0.001),with the ST group showing lower score than the SA group(P=0.002).The thrombus dissolution rate in the ST group was higher than that in the SA group(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the IVCF placement time between the two groups(P=0.359),and the IVCF retrieval rate was 100%in both groups.The ST group had fewer intercepted thrombi than the SA group(P=0.002).There was no statistically significant difference in hemoglobin level(P=0.238),platelet count(P=0.914),or D-dimer level(P=0.756)between the two groups before treatment.However,after treatment,both groups showed an increase in platelet count(both P<0.001)and a decrease in D-dimer level(both P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of complications between the two groups(P=0.704).Conclusions Both SA and ST demonstrate safety and efficacy in the trea

关 键 词：远端深静脉血栓形成 下肢骨折 抗凝治疗 溶栓治疗 

分 类 号：R654[医药卫生—外科学]