弥合技能鸿沟:人力资本积累途径对青年职业空窗期的影响  

Closing the Vocational Skills Divide:The Impact of Human Capital Accumulation Way on the Youths Employment Gap

作　　者：谌新民 何靖怡[1] 李萍 Xinmin CHEN;Jingyi HE;Ping LI(Guangzhou Huashang College,Guangzhou 511300;South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006)

机构地区：[1]广州华商学院,广州511300 [2]华南师范大学,广州510006

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2025年第4期23-36,共14页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：广东省人力资源研究会重点课题(GDHRS-24-01-002);国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD128)。

摘　　要：数字经济时代职业空窗期引致的技能断层问题日益凸显。本文基于CGSS 2012年、2015年、2018年及2021年数据,探讨受教育程度、职业经验、持续学习及迁移经历对青年职业空窗期的影响。结果表明,提升受教育程度、积累职业经验和持续学习能显著缩短职业空窗期,其中提升受教育程度的作用最为显著,而迁移经历的影响力并不显著。本文进一步探讨得出在产业转型升级关键期和数字经济快速发展阶段,受教育程度和工作经验的丰富性对非创新技术密集型领域青年劳动者缓解空窗期至关重要。在产业生态薄弱地区,青年通过持续学习以提升人力资本及缓解职业空窗期更为有效,在高创新水平地区,青年劳动者需超越传统人力资本积累并加强专用性技能的提升以应对专业化和创新性职业需求。In the era of the digital economy,the issue of skill gaps arising from employment gap among youth has become increasingly prominent.Based on data from the China General Social Survey(CGSS)conducted in 2012,2015,2018,and 2021,this study explores the influence of educational attainment,work experience,continuous learning and migration experience on the employment gap of youth.The findings indicate that enhancing educational attainment,accumulating work experience,and engaging in continuous learning can significantly reduce the employment gap,with educational advancement demonstrating the most pronounced mitigating effect among these factors.The impact of migration experience,however,was not statistically significant.Further analysis reveals that during critical periods of industrial restructuring and rapid digital economic development,educational attainment and work experience plays a crucial role in maintaining job stability and alleviating employment gaps for young workers in non-innovation-intensive sectors.In regions with underdeveloped industrial ecosystems,youth prove more effective in mitigating career interruptions and elevating human capital through persistent learning strategies,whereas in high-innovation regions,young workers are required to transcend conventional human capital accumulation and strengthen the development of specialized skills to address the demands of specialized and innovation-driven occupations.

关 键 词：职业空窗期 受教育程度 职业经验 持续学习 迁移经历 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]