甲基磺酸乙酯诱变对乌桕种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate Mutagenesis on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Triadica sebifera

作　　者：郑旭 王晓晓 赵文静 刘兴满[1] ZHENG Xu;WANG Xiaoxiao;ZHAO Wenjing;LIU Xingman(Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 222000,China)

机构地区：[1]连云港市农业科学院,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2025年第2期34-43,共10页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金(苏[2021]TG12);连云港市财政局专项资金(QNJJ2205)。

摘　　要：为探究甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS)诱变乌桕Triadica sebifera种子的最佳条件,研究以乌桕种子为材料,设定5个体积比浓度梯度(0、1%、2%、3%、4%)以及2个时间处理(4、8 h),通过盆栽试验研究不同处理下乌桕种子的发芽势、发芽率、相对发芽率及幼苗生长指标。结果表明,(1)随着EMS浓度的升高和处理时间的延长,种子萌发和幼苗生长均呈显著抑制趋势(P<0.05);(2)在3%EMS处理4 h下,种子相对发芽率为54.77%,接近半致死剂量;(3)共筛选出44株变异植株,包括66种变异类型,总体变异频率为16.54%;其中,2%EMS处理8 h和3%EMS处理8 h的变异频率较高,但其种子发芽势与发芽率较低,且幼苗生长受到严重抑制;在3%EMS处理4 h的变异频率可达34.71%,对幼苗生长影响较小;(4)主成分分析提取出3个主成分因子,累积方差贡献率为87.165%,且特征值均大于1。建立了不同浓度EMS处理下乌桕种子生长质量综合评价模型为F_(Z)=0.772F_(1)+0.129F_(2)+0.099F_(3),0%EMS处理8 h、0%EMS处理4 h、1%EMS处理4 h和2%EMS处理4 h处理得分较高,其次是3%EMS处理4 h和1%EMS处理8 h,4%EMS处理4 h、4%EMS处理8 h、2%EMS处理8 h和3%EMS处理8 h得分相对较低;结合诱变致死率、苗木生长情况和变异频率来看,3%EMS处理4 h为处理乌桕种子最佳方式。To explore the optimal mutagenesis conditions of ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)on Triadica sebifera seeds,the seeds of T.sebifera were used as materials,and five EMS concentrations gradients(0,1%,2%,3%,4%)and two different treatment times(4 h,8 h)were set.The germination potential,ger-mination rate,relative germination rate and seedling growth index of T.sebifera seeds under different treatments were studied by pot experiment.The results were as follows:(1)With the increased of EMS concentration and treatment time,the seed germination rate and seedling growth were significantly inhibited.(2)Under 3%EMS treatment for 4 h,the relative germination rate of seeds was 54.77%,which was close to the semi-lethal dose.(3)A total of 44 mutant plants were screened,including six variation types,with an overall variation frequency of 16.54%.Among them,the variation frequency of 2%EMS treatment for 8 h and 3%EMS treatment for 8 h was higher,but the seed germination potential and germination rate were lower,and the seedling growth was seriously inhibited.The variation frequency of 3%EMS treatment for 4 h was up to 34.71%,which had little effect on seedling growth.(4)Principal component analysis extracted three principal component factors,the cumulative variance contribution rate was 87.165%,and the eigenvalues were greater than 1.The comprehen-sive evaluation model of seed growth quality of T.sebifera under different EMS treatment conditions was estab-lished as F_(z)=0.772F_(1)+0.129F_(2)+0.099F_(3).0%EMS treatment for 8 h,0%EMS treatment for 4 h,1%EMS treatment for 4 h and 2%EMS treatment for 4 h had higher scores.Followed by 3%EMS treatment for 4 h and 1%EMS treatment for 8 h.The scores of 4%EMS treatment for 4 h,4%EMS treatment for 8 h,2%EMS treat-ment for 8 h and 3%EMS treatment for 8 h were relatively low.Combined with the mutagenic lethality rate,seedling growth and mutation frequency,3%EMS treatment for 4 h was the best way to treat T.sebifera seeds.

关 键 词：乌桕 EMS 发芽率 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：S687.1[农业科学—观赏园艺]