共识政治与政党体制的代表性建构——“二战”后西欧的政党实践及其经验启示  

Consensus Politics and the Construction of Representativeness of Political Party System——Party Practices in Western Europe after World War Ⅱ and Its Experiential Revelation

作　　者：高春芽[1] Gao Chunya

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院

出　　处：《天津社会科学》2025年第2期86-94,175,共10页Tianjin Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“当代西方民粹主义兴起背景下的政党体制代表性问题研究”(项目号:20BZZ008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：第二次世界大战后,在资本主义发展和代议民主制度巩固的背景下,西欧左右翼政党在自由平等价值、选举竞争程序、社会福利政策等方面达成共识,推动了共识政治的形成。共识政治的出现和维系,是国家权能扩张、政党策略调整和社会阶级配合共同作用的结果。围绕国家公共事务的治理活动,共识政治推动左右翼政党搁置意识形态冲突,制定具有广泛代表性的社会经济政策,政党体制因此具有了跨阶级整合的功能,从整体上压缩了反建制力量的生长空间。基于共识框架的支持和约束,各种社会利益冲突能够在主流政党的引导下,获得组织化、制度化的整合。而一旦社会结构变迁导致共识政治丧失自我维系的基础,主流政党整合能力不足出现代表性危机,就会为反建制政党的崛起提供机会。After the Second World War,under the background of the development of capitalism and the consolidation of representative democracy,left wing and right wing parties in Western Europe reached consensus on the value of freedom and equality,the procedure of competitive election,social welfare policy and other aspects,which promoted the formation of consensus politics.The emergence and maintenance of consensus politics are the result of the expansion of state power,the adjustment of political party strategy and the cooperation of social classes.Centering on the governance activities of national public affairs,consensus politics drive the left wing and right wing parties to shelve ideological conflicts and make broadly representative socio-economic policies.Therefore,the political party system has the function of cross-class integration,and reduces the space of the anti-establishment forces on the whole.Based on the support and constraints of consensus framework,various kinds of social conflicts can be organized and institutionalized under the guidance of mainstream political parties.However,once the changes in the social structure lead to the loss of the foundation for the self-sustenance of consensus politics,and the mainstream political parties' integration ability is insufficient,resulting in a representativeness crisis,it will provide opportunities for the rise of anti-establishment political parties.

关 键 词：西欧 共识政治 政党体制 代表性 

分 类 号：D05[政治法律—政治学]