烟草靶斑病拮抗菌Y18鉴定及发酵条件优化  

Identification of Tobacco Target Spot Antagonistic Strain Y18 and Optimisation of Its Fermentation Conditions

作　　者：肖越 熊有明 肖志鹏 刘峰 母婷婷 彭静 杨未 李玲玲 梅斯钇 刘天波 唐前君[1] XIAO Yue;XIONG Youming;XIAO Zhipeng;LIU Feng;MU Tingting;PENG Jing;YANG Wei;LI Lingling;MEI Siyi;LIU Tianbo;TANG Qianjun(College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hengyang Branch of Hunan Tobacco Company,Hengyang 421001,Hunan,China;Yongzhou Branch of Hunan Tobacco Company,Yongzhou 425000,Hunan,China;Hunan Plant Protection Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Tobacco Research Institute,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司,湖南衡阳421001 [3]湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州425000 [4]湖南省植物保护研究所,长沙410125 [5]湖南省烟草科学研究所,长沙410004

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2025年第2期35-44,共10页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司湖南省公司项目[110202201027(LS-11)];湖南省科学技术厅项目(2023NK2019);湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司项目(HYYC2023KJ32);湖南省烟草公司永州市公司科技项目(YZ2023KJ02);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX40)。

摘　　要：由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的烟草靶斑病是烟草主要叶部病害之一,筛选鉴定生防菌株,建立生防菌发酵条件,可为该病害防控和生防菌应用提供技术支撑。本研究通过形态学、生理生化及分子生物学相结合的方法对前期筛选获得的烟草靶斑病拮抗菌Y18进行鉴定,以菌株Y18对烟草靶斑病菌的菌丝生长抑制率为指标,通过单因素试验及正交试验筛选Y18菌株对靶斑病菌抑制效果最优的发酵培养基组分和发酵条件。鉴定结果表明,菌株Y18为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),其对烟草靶斑病菌的抑制率为81.63%,对辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytophthora capsici)、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)、烟草青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)、烟草野火病菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci)等病原菌均有较好的抑制效果,抑制率最高可达79.08%,对烟草青枯病菌的抑菌圈最大为27.28 mm。其最佳发酵培养基、碳源、氮源和无机盐分别为NB培养基、蔗糖、牛肉膏和硫酸镁,最优培养基组分为蔗糖10 g、牛肉膏10 g、硫酸镁7.5 g;最优发酵条件为pH=6,发酵时间48 h,接种量5%,发酵温度26℃。本研究结果可为菌株Y18生防菌剂的开发利用提供理论依据。Tobacco target spot disease,caused by Rhizoctonia solani,is one of the most important foliar diseases of tobacco.The screening and identification of biocontrol strains,along with the establishment of biocontrol fermentation conditions,can technically support the prevention and control of the disease,and the application of biocontrol bacteria.In this study,a previously screened antagonist strain Y18 was identified through the combination of morphology,physiology,biochemistry and molecular biology.Using the inhibition rate of Y18 on the mycelial growth of target tobacco blotch as an index,the fermentation medium components and fermentation conditions with the optimal inhibitory effect of Y18 on the target blotch were screened by one-way test and orthogonal test.The strain Y18 was identified as Bacillus velezensis,with the inhibition rate of 81.63%on Rhizoctonia solani.It also had pronounced inhibition on Phytophthora capsici,Fusarium graminearum,Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae,Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci,respectively,with the inhibitory rate reaching 79.08%,and the size of the inhibition circle for Ralstonia solanacearum up to 27.28 mm.The optimal fermentation medium,carbon source,nitrogen source and inorganic salt were NB medium,sucrose,beef paste and magnesium sulphate,respectively.The optimal medium components were 10 g sucrose,10 g beef paste and 7.5 g magnesium sulphate.The optimal fermentation conditions were pH=6,fermentation time of 48 h,inoculum amount of 5%and fermentation temperature of 26℃.The results can provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of strain Y18 as a biocontrol agent.

关 键 词：烟草靶斑病 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 拮抗作用 发酵优化 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]