青海省藏族自治州献血者丙氨酸氨基转移酶异常原因分析及血液筛查策略的探讨  

Analysis of abnormal ALT in blood donors in five Zang autonomous prefectures of Qinghai Province,China:characteristics and screening strategies

作　　者：党英男 沙娜·哈勒木别克 汤戎[3] 黄立勤 吴海林 陈婷婷 李生菊 孙艳丽 郑欣[4] 李艳霞 叶贤林[4] 曾劲峰[4] DANG Yingnan;Shana Halemubieke;TANG Rong;HUANG Liqin;WU Hailin;CHEN Tingting;LI Shengju;SUN Yanli;ZHENG Xin;LI Yanxia;YE Xianlin;ZENG Jinfeng(Qinghai Provincial Blood Center,Xining 810000,China;National Center for Clinical Laboratories,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology,Beijing 100730,China;Kunming Blood Center,Kunming 650106,China;Shenzhen Blood Center,Shenzhen 518035,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省血液中心,青海西宁810000 [2]北京医院、国家老年医学中心、国家卫生健康委临床检验中心、中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [3]云南昆明血液中心,云南昆明650106 [4]深圳市血液中心,广东深圳518035

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2025年第4期502-507,共6页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：中共中央组织部等“西部之光”项目(组通字[2024]17号);中共青海省委组织部“西部之光”项目(青组字2024-180号);深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”项目资助(项目编号SZSM202311032)。

摘　　要：目的探究青海省高原地区5个藏族自治州多民族献血者人群丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)异常影响因素,为保障血液安全、制定筛查策略提供依据。方法回顾性分析2022—2024年青海省5个藏族自治州献血者ALT异常检测结果,分析性别、年龄、海拔及传染性指标等因素与ALT的相关性。结果该地区献血者人群ALT不合格率为9.01%,不同性别及年龄段献血者ALT水平有差异(P<0.05)。不同高原地区献血者ALT不合格率有差异(P<0.05)。ALT值总体上呈现出随海拔上升而升高的趋势。各州献血者ALT平均不合格率藏族为11.19%,汉族为7.96%,其余民族总合不合格率为4.79%(P<0.05)。献血者HBV与HCV检测标志物与ALT是否合格无相关性(P>0.05)。结论青海省高原地区多民族献血者人群存在ALT值与不合格率均较高的情况,且呈现明显地域特征。ALT值的升高与献血者的性别、年龄、饮食习惯等非病理性因素有关,与传染性指标无关。Objective To investigate the factors associated with alanine aminotransferase(ALT)abnormalities in multi-ethnic blood donors across five Zang autonomous prefectures in the plateau regions of Qinghai Province,and to provide evidence for ensuring blood safety and formulating screening strategies.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the ALT abnormal test results of blood donors in the Zang autonomous prefectures of Qinghai from 2022 to 2024.The correlations between ALT levels and factors including gender,age,altitude,and infectious markers were investigated.Results The overall ALT unqualified rate among blood donors in this region was 9.01%.Significant differences in ALT levels were observed across genders and age groups(P<0.05).Variations in ALT abnormality rates were also noted among different plateau regions(P<0.05).Overall,ALT values exhibited an increasing trend with rising altitude.The average ALT unqualified rates were 11.19%in Zang donors,7.96%in Han donors,and 4.79%in donors from other ethnic groups(P<0.05).No statistically significant association was observed between ALT abnormality and the presence of HBV/HCV infectious markers(P>0.05).Conclusion In the plateau areas of Qinghai,multi-ethnic blood donors have a relatively high ALT levels and ALT unqualified rates,showing distinct regional characteristics.ALT elevation in voluntary blood donors is related to non-pathological factors such as gender,age,and dietary habits,but not to infectious indicators.

关 键 词：高原 多民族 丙氨酸氨基转移酶 血液资源 筛查策略 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R446[医药卫生—临床医学]