三权分置:公有制产权的一种治理逻辑  

Separation of Three Property Rights:A Governance Logic of Public Ownership

作　　者：谭荣[1] TAN Rong(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058 China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江工商大学学报》2025年第2期5-11,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“自然资源资产产权制度改革重大问题研究”(20JZD013)。

摘　　要：“三权分置”源于农村承包地改革,旨在不改变公有制基础的前提下,将农用地的所有权、承包权和经营权进行分离,以优化资源配置、保障农民权益并提升资源利用效率。三权分置实践是蕴含公有制产权的一种治理逻辑,即通过细化权利束,实现权责明确、相互协同的治理目标。基于“载体—产品”的权利细分框架,这一逻辑可拓展至其他更广泛的自然资源领域,解释“二权”“三权”“四权”等产权结构的适用条件及效能。当然,细分在特定条件下还需“组合”来解决管理碎片化问题。作为公有制框架下的产权治理创新,三权分置不仅为中国在“央-地”“政府、市场和社会”等多元主体间的资源治理提供了理论支撑,也为全球自然资源治理贡献了具有普遍意义的制度经验与理论启示。The “Separation of Three Property Rights” originated from rural contracted land reform,designed to decouple agricultural land's ownership,contract rights,and management rights without altering its public ownership foundation.This tripartite division aims to optimize resource allocation,safeguard farmers' interests,and enhance utilization efficiency.As a governance logic embedded in public ownership,the practice operationalizes property rights through rights unbundling to achieve clearly defined responsibilities and synergistic coordination.The “carrier-product” rights subdivision framework demonstrates how this logic can extend to broader natural resource domains,explaining the applicability and efficacy of various property rights structures(“two-right”,“three-right”,or “four-right” systems).Notably,rights subdivision may require strategic recombination under certain conditions to address management fragmentation.This institutional innovation under public ownership provides theoretical foundations for China's multi-stakeholder resource governance(central-local relations;government-market-society interactions) and universal referential value for global natural resource governance,particularly in balancing collective ownership with individualized usufruct and developing tiered rights systems for common-pool resources.

关 键 词：三权分置 公有制 自然资源治理 产权细分 产权组合 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]