新《公司法》背景下母子公司互保的反思与完善  

Reflection and Improvement of Mutual Guarantee between Parent and Subsidiary from the Perspective of the New Company Law

作　　者：刘俊海[1] LIU Junhai(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872 China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《浙江工商大学学报》2025年第2期137-151,共15页Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University

基　　金：全国人大常委会法制工作委员会委托研究课题“公司法修改研究”(2019K20205)。

摘　　要：为兴利除弊,母子公司互保时要遵守新《公司法》第15条规定的公司担保前置决议程序。该规定系效力性规定。若法定代表人越权签署担保合同,越权代表行为与担保合同对公司均不生效。现行《担保制度解释》仅允许两项例外豁免:一是非上市母公司为全资子公司作保;二是全资子公司为母公司作保。建议促成母公司为子公司作保,限制子公司为母公司作保。对外担保决议制度与关联交易制度同频共振。母子公司互保要确保程序严谨、信息透明、对价公允。在股东会决议的法定简单多数决规则与章定绝对多数决规则冲突时,应以后者为准。母子公司在互保前应索要反担保,预先夯实追偿权。建议从公司法、证券法、合同法、侵权法与刑法等维度充实多元化救济工具箱。In order to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages,the parent and subsidiary shall comply with the pre-authorization procedure of corporate guarantee stipulated in Article 15 of the new Company Law during mutual guarantee.This provision is a validity provision.If the legal representative signs the guarantee contract beyond his authority,neither the act of ultra vires representation nor the guarantee contract will take effect on the company.The current Interpretation of the Guarantee System only allows two exceptions:first,the unlisted parent company guarantees a one-person company;second,a one-person company guarantees the parent company.It is recommended to facilitate the parent company to guarantee the subsidiary and restrict the subsidiary from guaranteeing the parent company.The external guarantee resolution system resonates with the related party transaction system at the same frequency.Mutual guarantee between parent and subsidiary companies should ensure rigorous procedures,transparent information,and fair consideration.In the event of a conflict between the statutory simple majority rule for the resolution of the shareholders'meeting and the rule of the autonomous absolute majority decision,the latter shall prevail.The parent and subsidiary should ask for a counter-guarantee before mutual guarantee,so as to consolidate the right of recourse in advance.It is suggested that the diversified relief toolbox should be enriched from the dimensions of company law,securities law,contract law,tort law and criminal law.

关 键 词：母公司 对外担保 公司前置决议 效力性规范 例外豁免 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]