原子钟技术发展与“秒”定义变革  

Progress in atomic clocks and the redefinition of the"second"

作　　者：陈伟亮[1,2] 刘昆 戴少阳[1,2] 郑发松 左娅妮 房芳 CHEN Weiliang;LIU Kun;DAI Shaoyang;ZHENG Fasong;ZUO Yani;FANG Fang(National Institute of Metrology of China,Beijing 100029,China;Key Laboratory of State Administration for Market Regulation(Time Frequency and Gravity Primary Standard),Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029 [2]国家市场监管重点实验室(时间频率与重力计量基准),北京100029

出　　处：《计测技术》2025年第2期5-25,共21页Metrology & Measurement Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0603801);院基本科研业务费重点领域项目(AKYZD2511-2)。

摘　　要：介绍了用作频率标准的高性能冷原子钟的发展现状,阐述了喷泉钟与光钟的基本原理、性能指标、在计量和其他领域的应用及发展趋势,分析了原子钟技术发展对“秒”定义变革的影响,探讨了“秒”定义变革的路径和现状。指出可通过提升相干作用时间、降低原子温度、优化不确定度评估策略等方式提升原子钟性能,提出通过时空一体化测量、优化引力红移评估手段、建立高水平洲际远程比对链路等方式,进一步提升原子钟的不确定度水平及扩大应用范围。This paper introduces the current development status of high‐performance cold atomic clocks serving as frequency standards,elaborates on the fundamental principles,performance specifications,applications in metrology and other fields,and development trends of fountain clocks and optical clocks.The analysis focuses on the impact of atomic clock technology advancements on the redefinition of the"second",explores the evolutionary pathways and current status of the redefinition of the"second".It is pointed out that the performance of atomic clocks can be improved by increasing the coherent interaction time,reducing the atomic temperature,and optimizing the uncertainty evaluation strategy.It is proposed that the uncertainty level of atomic clocks can be further improved and their application scope expanded by implementing integrated space‐time measurements,optimizing the evaluation methods for gravitational redshift,and establishing high‐level intercontinental remote comparison links.

关 键 词：原子钟 喷泉钟 光钟 不确定度 秒定义 

分 类 号：TB96[机械工程—光学工程] TH714[一般工业技术—计量学] TN96[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]