农村留守老人精神需求“扶贫”:理论阐释、实践困境与路径选择  

Addressing the Spiritual Needs of Left-behind Elderly in Rural Areas:Theoretical Interpretation,Practical Difficulties and Path Choice

作　　者：顾冬冬 毕洁颖[2] Gu Dongdong;Bi Jieying(School of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Institute of Agricultural Information,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院,北京102488 [2]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2025年第4期43-53,共11页Contemporary Economic Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“全面建成小康社会背景下相对贫困治理的实现路径研究”(22&ZD059);国家社会科学基金青年项目“生态脆弱区农村低收入人口常态化帮扶政策评估与优化研究”(24CGL090);中国社会科学院青年人文社会科学研究中心社会调研项目“生态脆弱区农村低收入人口常态化帮扶成效与问题调研”(2025QNZX001);中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-AII)。

摘　　要：农村留守老人的养老需求,不仅仅是经济和医疗方面,还有深层次的精神需求问题。针对农村留守老人精神需求进行研究发现:农村留守老人精神需求“扶贫”过程中形成的“老有人陪-老有所乐-老有所为-老有所学-老有钱花-老有所医-老有所养”的精神需求“扶贫”政策体系实施成效显著,但在实施过程中仍存在家庭养老功能弱化与孝文化缺失、传统的养儿防老预期和独居现实冲突与老年数字鸿沟严重、农村社区精神养老文化建设不足与老年公共文化活动匮乏、社会精神养老服务体系建设滞后与社会组织及专业人才缺乏、精神需求“扶贫”制度缺失与现有政策碎片化等问题,抑制农村留守老人精神需求“扶贫”的实施效果。为此,需要重塑孝道文化,建立农村留守老人精神需求“扶贫”的家庭关爱系统;转变传统养老观念,建立农村留守老人精神需求“扶贫”的自我成长系统;加强社区文化建设,建立农村留守老人精神需求“扶贫”的社区关怀系统;重视社会组织和专业人才培育,建立农村留守老人精神需求“扶贫”的社会服务系统;完善精神需求相关政策法律,建立农村留守老人精神需求“扶贫”的政府支持系统。The left-behind elderly in rural areas have needs that go beyond economic and medical support;there are also profound spiritual needs that require attention.Research into the spiritual demands of these elderly individuals has found that the“poverty alleviation”policies aimed at their spiritual needs,which include companionship,joy,purpose,learning,financial security,medical care,and overall well-being,have shown significant effectiveness.However,several issues persist in the implementation process,such as the weakening of family care functions and the loss of filial piety culture,conflicts between traditional expectations of raising children for old-age support and the reality of living alone,the digital divide faced by the elderly,insufficient community cultural construction for the elderly,and a lack of public cultural activities.Additionally,there is a lag in the construction of social service systems for their spiritual needs and a shortage of social organizations and professional talents.The absence of specific policies for spiritual needs and the fragmentation of existing policies hinder the effectiveness of spiritual“poverty alleviation”for the rural left-behind elderly.To address these issues,it is necessary to reshape the culture of filial piety and establish a family care system for the spiritual“poverty alleviation”of rural left-behind elderly;transform traditional concepts of elderly care and establish a self-growth system for their spiritual“poverty alleviation”;strengthen community cultural construction and establish a community care system for their spiritual“poverty alleviation”;value the cultivation of social organizations and professional talents and establish a social service system for their spiritual“poverty alleviation”;and improve policies and laws related to spiritual needs to establish a government support system for the spiritual“poverty alleviation”of rural left-behind elderly.

关 键 词：人口老龄化 农村留守老人 精神需求贫困 精神需求“扶贫” 

分 类 号：D422.7[政治法律—政治学]