生成式人工智能的就业效应与应对策略  

The Employment Impact of Generative AI and Policy Responses

作　　者：黄旭 刘红英[2] 闫雪凌[3] Huang Xu;Liu Hongying;Yan Xueling(School of Finance and Information,Ningbo University of Finance&Economics,Ningbo 315175,China;Business School,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512005,China;School of Economics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波财经学院金融与信息学院,浙江宁波315175 [2]韶关学院商学院,广东韶关512005 [3]四川大学经济学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2025年第4期73-87,共15页Contemporary Economic Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新一代人工智能对劳动收入差距的影响与政策研究”(23BJY134)。

摘　　要：文章探讨了数字经济时代生成式人工智能相较于传统人工智能在推动经济变革和就业形态转型中的独特作用,梳理了两者在影响劳动力就业方式和劳动力市场结构上的不同机制。基于马克思主义的生产力与生产关系理论,构建了“新质生产力-新型生产关系-高质量就业”的理论分析框架,深入分析了生成式人工智能从就业总量、结构、质量及形态四个维度对就业的深远影响。此外,识别了生成式人工智能在大规模应用中的潜在就业风险,涵盖技能失匹配与劳动力淘汰、劳动过程中的监控与隐私泄露,以及社会不公平与数字鸿沟加剧等问题。为应对这些挑战,文章提出了政策建议,以期实现生成式人工智能与劳动力市场的协同发展,推动高质量就业的实现。We explore the unique role of Generative Artificial Intelligence(GAI)in driving economic transformation and employment structure changes compared to traditional Artificial Intelligence(TAI),and analyze the different mechanisms through which the two technologies impact labor employment and labor market structure.Based on Marx’s theory of productive forces and relations of production,we construct a theoretical framework of“new productive forces-new production relations-high-quality employment”to analyze the profound impact of GAI on employment from four dimensions:total employment,structure,quality,and form.Furthermore,we identify the potential employment risks associated with the large-scale application of GAI,including skill mismatches,labor displacement,surveillance in the labor process,privacy concerns,and the exacerbation of social inequality and the digital divide.To address these challenges,we propose policy recommendations aimed at achieving a synergistic development between GAI and the labor market,and promoting the realization of high-quality employment.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 就业 高质量发展 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F49[经济管理—国民经济]