喉上神经阻滞在支气管镜诊疗中的应用研究进展  

Research progress on application of superior laryngeal nerve block in bronchoscopy diagnosis and treatment

作　　者：李双喜 李德新 单热爱 LI Shuang-xi;LI De-xin;SHAN Re-ai(The First Clinical Medical School,Gannan Medical University;Department of Anesthesiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University;Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology;Institute of Pain Medicine,Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000)

机构地区：[1]赣南医科大学第一临床医学院 [2]赣南医科大学第一附属医院麻醉手术中心 [3]赣州市麻醉学重点实验室 [4]赣南医科大学疼痛医学研究所,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《赣南医科大学学报》2025年第3期294-300,共7页JOURNAL OF GANNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

摘　　要：支气管镜诊疗是检查和治疗呼吸系统疾病的重要手段,但操作可能引起患者恐惧焦虑、呛咳、屏气痉挛等不良反应,如何提高治疗中的安全性和舒适度成为临床麻醉研究的焦点。近年来,无痛纤维支气管镜技术发展迅速,为减少诊疗中的不良反应提供了新的可能,特别是喉上神经阻滞技术,在支气管镜操作中显示出独特优势。本文结合近年来国内外研究文献,从喉上神经阻滞的主要方法、在支气管镜诊疗中的优势和挑战进行综述。文献复习结果表明,这种方法使声门裂上方喉咽的大部分黏膜感觉消失,有效抑制了气管镜置入气道和诊疗过程中的黏膜刺激,从而减少呛咳和其他不适,确保患者生命体征稳定。这些研究表明,喉上神经阻滞不仅减轻了患者的不适,还有助于内镜医师更顺利地进行操作,使疾病得到精确的诊断和治疗,提高了麻醉质量。Bronchoscopy is a crucial procedure for both diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases,due to the potential for adverse reactions such as fear,anxiety,coughing,and breath-holding spasms during the procedure,enhancing patient safety and comfort has become a focus of clinical anesthesia research.In recent years,the rapid development of painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques has provided new possibilities for reducing adverse reactions during diagnosis and treatment,particularly,superior laryngeal nerve blockade technology has demonstrated unique advantages in bronchoscopy procedures.This article provides a review based on recent domestic and international research literature,focusing on the main methods of superior laryngeal nerve blockade and its advantages and challenges in bronchoscopy.The results of literature review showed that this method effectively desensitizes most of the mucosal sensation of laryngopharynx above the glottic fissure,thereby inhibiting mucosal stimulation during bronchoscope insertion and examination,reducing coughing and other discomforts,and ensuring stable patient vital signs.These findings suggest that superior laryngeal nerve blockade not only alleviates patient discomfort but also facilitates smoother operations for endoscopists,enabling more precise diagnosis and treatment of diseases,ultimately improving the quality of anesthesia.

关 键 词：喉上神经阻滞 支气管镜诊疗 术后咽喉痛 

分 类 号：R614.4[医药卫生—麻醉学]