秸秆还田条件下施磷水平对黑土磷组分及磷素平衡的影响  

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer rate on phosphorus fractions and phosphorus balance in black soil under straw returning conditions

作　　者：尚磊 杨栗恒 王孟雪[1] 王鹏[1,2] SHANG Lei;YANG Li-heng;WANG Meng-xue;WANG Peng(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期1-10,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：三江平原白浆土改良快速培肥与产能提升协同模式(2022YFD1000105)。

摘　　要：为研究玉-豆轮作体系下秸秆连续还田后施磷水平对黑土各形态磷组分含量及磷素平衡的影响,于2022和2023年在北大荒集团九三分公司大西江农场有限公司开展试验,2022年设置P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/hm^(2)(P0)、50.2 kg/hm^(2)(P1)、71.8 kg/hm^(2)(P2)和86.1 kg/hm^(2)(P3)4个施磷水平,2023年设置P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/hm^(2)(P0)、50.2 kg/hm^(2)(P1)和71.8 kg/hm^(2)(P2)3个施磷水平,其中P2处理为当地推荐磷肥用量。采集0~20 cm土层土样,测定土壤有效磷含量和磷酸酶活性,利用Hedley磷素分级法测定土壤不同形态磷组分含量,并分析不同形态磷组分间的相关关系。结果表明:在秸秆连续还田6~7年的基础上,施磷肥可以显著提高大豆各生育时期土壤有效磷含量,但多数施磷肥处理之间的差异不显著。施磷肥处理土壤H_(2)O-P、NaHCO_(3)-Po和NaOH-Pi含量显著高于不施磷肥处理,增幅分别达到41.75%~53.45%、23.07%~43.95%和14.38%~33.38%;2022年P1、P2和P3处理土壤NaHCO_(3)-Pi含量分别较P0处理显著提高17.06%、28.61%和24.78%;2022年P2和P3处理HCl-P含量分别较P0处理显著提高12.41%和11.32%;两年土壤NaOH-Po和Rseidual-P含量在各处理间的差异均未达到显著水平。2022和2023年NaOH-Pi与土壤全磷之间的相关系数分别达到0.954和0.940,2022年H_(2)O-P和NaHCO_(3)-Pi与有效磷的相关系数分别达到0.945和0.987,2023年H_(2)O-P与有效磷的相关系数达到0.951。大豆各生育时期土壤酸性磷酸酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性均随施磷水平的提高而不断降低,并以土壤酸性磷酸酶的变幅最大。在秸秆还田条件下,随着施磷水平的提高,籽粒磷素携出量呈先增加后降低的趋势,2022和2023年均以P1处理籽粒磷素携出量最高,分别达到21.24和17.52 kg/hm^(2);两年各处理土壤磷表观平衡量均表现为盈余,且土壤磷表观平衡量均随施磷水平的增加而递增。综上所述,在黑土区秸秆连续还田6~7年后,生产中减少30%磷肥用量在�In order to study the effects of phosphorus application level on phosphorus content of various forms and phosphorus balance of black soil after continuous straw return under corn and soybean rotation system,this study was conducted in Daxijiang Farm Co.,LTD.,Jiusan Branch,Beidahuang Group,in 2022 and 2023.In 2022,four phosphorus application levels of P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/hm^(2)(P0),50.2 kg/hm^(2)(P1),71.8 kg/hm^(2)(P2)and 86.1 kg/hm^(2)(P3)were set up.In 2023,three phosphorus application levels of P_(2)O_(5)0 kg/hm^(2)(P0),50.2 kg/hm^(2)(P1)and 71.8 kg/hm^(2)(P2)were set up,in which P2 treatment was the recommended local phosphorus fertilizer dosage.Soil samples from 0-20 cm soil layer were collected to determine the content of available phosphorus and phosphatase activity in soil.Hedley phosphorus fractionation method was used to determine the content of different phosphorus fractions in soil,and the correlation between different phosphorus fractions was analyzed.The results show that,on the basis of continuously returning straw to the field for 6 to 7 years,phosphorus fertilization significantly increased the soil available phosphorus content at each growth stage of soybean,but the difference between most phosphorus fertilization treatments was not significant.The contents of H_(2)O-P,NaHCO_(3)-Po and NaOH-Pi in soil treated with phosphorus fertilizer were significantly higher than those without phosphorus fertilizer,increasing by 41.75%-53.45%,23.07%-43.95%and 14.38%-33.38%,respectively.In 2022,the NaHCO_(3)-Pi content of soil treated with P1,P2 and P3 was significantly increased by 17.06%,28.61%and 24.78%,respectively,compared with that treated with P0.In 2022,the HCl-P content of P2 and P3 treatment was significantly increased by 12.41%and 11.32%compared with P0 treatment,respectively.There were no significant differences in NaOH-Po and Residual-P contents among different treatments at two years.The correlation coefficients between NaOH-Pi and soil total phosphorus reached 0.954 and 0.940 in 2022 and 2023,respecti

关 键 词：秸秆还田 黑土 磷肥 土壤磷组分 磷素平衡 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]