连作对果园土壤细菌群落结构和土壤性质的影响  

Effects of continuous cropping on the structure of soil bacterial communities and soil properties in orchards

作　　者：张帆[1] 杨阳 王鸿[1] ZHANG Fan;YANG Yang;WANG Hong(Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期17-29,共13页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32360717);财政部和农业农村部国家农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-30-1-6)。

摘　　要：果园连作障碍影响土壤养分矿化与有效性,与苗木的生长发育密切相关。探索桃重茬育苗地土壤微生物群落结构、代谢产物和土壤性质的变化,为现代化果园管理提供科学依据。高通量测序技术结合非靶向代谢组学进行分析连作3年的桃育苗地不同土层(0~20、20~40 cm)和对照(CK,自然生草地)土壤细菌群落结构、多样性以及代谢产物的变化,进一步研究微生物群落与土壤性质间的相关性。结果表明,0~20 cm土层,较CK处理,连作3年的土壤中有机质、全磷、速效钾、有效铁和有效锌的含量降低,而全氮和有效磷含量则增加,20~40 cm土层,所有测试养分含量均下降;细菌群落多样性显著降低,构成细菌分子生态网络的关键微生物减少,导致细菌群落的稳定性下降;代谢组学分析发现,连作土壤中酸类物质含量显著增加,4-(苄氧基)苯甲酸、(R)-3-羟基肉豆蔻酸、3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸等潜在的自毒物质积累显著。同时,土壤中花生四烯酸代谢、羟色胺突触和抗生素的生物合成途径发生显著变化。通过相关性分析发现,土壤pH及有效铁、有效锌、全盐量、全氮、碱解氮、有机质和速效钾含量是影响桃重茬育苗地土壤细菌群落变化的主要化学因素,而棕榈酸、5-氯-2,8-二甲基-4-[(3-硝基-2-吡啶基)氧基]喹啉和γ-壬内酯等是调控土壤细菌群落的主要代谢产物。综上所述,与同层CK相比,在20~40 cm土层较0~20 cm土层中有机质、全磷、速效钾、有效铁和有效锌含量降幅增大,细菌群落的α多样性减小,优势细菌门、属均发生变化,致使土壤中酸类物质的含量显著增加,花生四烯酸代谢、羟色胺突触和抗生素的生物合成通路富集强度较高且所含的差异代谢产物的含量显著降低。相关性分析发现,桃重茬地土壤微生物群落的变化与土壤pH及有效铁和有效锌等含量具有显著相关性,而棕榈酸、5-氯-2,8-二甲基-4-[Continuous cropping obstacles in orchards affect soil nutrient mineralization and availability,and are closely related to the growth and development of seedlings.To investigate the effects of continuous cropping barriers on soil microbial communities and metabolites in peach multi-planting seedling sites,natural grassland was used as the control(CK,uncultivated grass)and peach seedling land with 3 years of continuous cropping as the research object(0-20,20-40 cm),and Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology combined with LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics analysis were used to study the characteristics of the changes in soil microbial community structure and metabolites of the peach seedling land in the process of continuous cropping.Compared with the CK treatment,the content of organic matter,available potassium,available iron and available zinc decreased,and the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased in the soil with 3 years of continuous cropping.The diversity of the bacterial community was significantly reduced,and the key microorganisms constituting the molecular ecological network of the bacteria were reduced,which led to a decrease in the stability of the bacterial community.The metabolomics analyses revealed a significant increase in the content of acids in the soil with continuous cropping,and the content of 4-(benzyloxy)benzoic acid,(R)-3-hydroxymyristic acid,3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and other potential autotoxic substances accumulated significantly.Continuous cropping had significant effects on arachidonic acid metabolism,serotonin synapses and antibiotic biosynthetic pathways in soil.Correlation analyses revealed that soil pH,and available iron,available zinc,total salt,total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,organic matter,available potassium contents were the main factors affecting the changes in soil bacterial communities in peach multi-planting seedling sites,whereas palmitic acid,5-chloro-2,8-dimethyl-4-[(3-nitro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]quinoline andγ-nonanolactone were the mai

关 键 词：桃树 连作障碍 微生物群落 代谢组学 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]