滴灌水肥一体化对潮土氨挥发及小麦产量的影响  

Effects of drip irrigation on ammonia volatilization and wheat yield in fluvo-aquic soil

作　　者：高翠民[1,2,3] 王小非 党静 何方 杨永辉[1,2,3] 张运红 韩伟锋[1,2,3] 武继承 GAO Cui-min;WANG Xiao-fei;DANG Jing;HE Fang;YANG Yong-hui;ZHANG Yun-hong;HAN Wei-feng;WU Ji-cheng(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou Henan 450002;Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use,Ministry of Agriculture,Yuanyang Henan 453514;Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water-saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province,Yuanyang Henan 453514;Henan Yuandong Biotechnology Limited Company,Zhoukou Henan 466000)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]农业农村部作物高效用水原阳科学观测实验站,河南原阳453514 [3]河南省黄河流域节水农业野外科学观测研究站,河南原阳453514 [4]河南远东生物工程有限公司,河南周口466000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期41-47,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC054);河南省农科院科技创新团队项目(2024TD27);河南省中央引导地方项目(Z20231811180)。

摘　　要：基于潮土区不同灌溉方式实施4年田间定位试验基础上,探讨灌溉方式对潮土氨挥发和小麦产量的影响。采用传统灌溉(TI)、喷灌(SI)和滴灌水肥一体化(DI)3种灌溉方式,以不施肥、灌水处理为对照(CK),共4个处理。结果表明:(1)小麦基肥和追肥期不同灌溉方式各处理氨挥发速率峰值分别出现在施肥后的第3 d和第1 d,氨挥发排放速率较高时期内(施肥后前4 d)DI处理氨挥发速率显著低于TI处理。(2)不同灌溉方式各处理氨挥发总量、氨挥发损失率、氨排放系数和单位产量氨挥发强度均以TI最高,分别为3.61 kg/hm^(2)、1.72%、1.07%和0.63 kg/t,以DI处理最低,分别为2.98 kg/hm^(2)、1.42%、0.77%和0.43 kg/t,其较TI处理分别降低17.6%、17.6%、28.2%和30.7%。(3)灌溉显著提高了小麦产量,较CK增产32.0%~51.7%,其中以DI处理产量最高,达到6.85 t/hm^(2),较CK、TI和SI处理分别增产57.1%、19.0%和10.7%。(4)相关性分析表明,基肥和追肥期土壤含水量、铵态氮含量与氨挥发速率均呈极显著或显著正相关,降水量、平均风速仅与追肥期氨挥发速率呈显著或极显著正相关。综上所述,滴灌水肥一体化是提高小麦产量同时减少农田氨挥发损失的最佳灌溉方式。The effects of irrigation methods on ammonia volatilization and wheat yield in fluvo-aquic soil were studied on the basis of a four-year field positioning experiment with different irrigation methods.A total of 4 treatments were set up,including three types of irrigation methods,i.e.,traditional irrigation(TI),sprinkling irrigation(SI)and drip irrigation(DI),with no fertilization and irrigation treatment as the control(CK).The results showed as follows:(1)The peak of ammonia volatilization rate of different irrigation methods in wheat base fertilizer and topdressing period appeared on the 3rd and 1st day after fertilization,respectively,and the ammonia volatilization rate of DI treatment was significantly lower than that of TI treatment during the period of high ammonia volatilization rate(the first 4 days after fertilization).(2)The total amount of ammonia volatilization,ammonia volatilization loss rate,ammonia emission coefficient and ammonia volatilization intensity per unit yield of TI were the highest in different irrigation methods,which were 3.61 kg/hm^(2),1.72%,1.07%and 0.63 kg/t,respectively,and the lowest in DI treatment,which were 2.98 kg/hm^(2),1.42%,0.77%and 0.43 kg/t,respectively,which were lower than TI treatment by 17.6%,17.6%,28.2%and 30.7%,respectively.(3)Irrigation significantly increased wheat yield by 32.0%-51.7%compared with CK,and the yield in DI treatment was the highest,up to 6.85 t/hm^(2),which was 57.1%,19.0%and 10.7%higher than that in CK,TI and SI,respectively.(4)Correlation analysis showed that soil water content and ammonium nitrogen content were very significantly or significantly positively correlated with ammonia volatilization rate during base fertilizer and topdressing period,while rainfall and average wind speed were only significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with ammonia volatilization rate only during topdressing period.In summary,the drip irrigation was the best irrigation method to increase wheat yield and reduce NH3 volatilization loss in farmland

关 键 词：小麦 滴灌水肥一体化 潮土 氨挥发 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]