施氮量与品种对甜高粱产量、产量构成因素及氮肥利用率的影响研究  

Studies on the effect of nitrogen application and variety on yield,yield components and nitrogen fertilizer utilization of sweet sorghum

作　　者：张鸟 王卉[2] 赵云 胡相伟[2] 冯国郡[2] 刘国庆[3] 艾克拜尔·伊拉洪 再吐尼古丽·库尔班[2] ZHANG Niao;WANG Hui;ZHAO Yun;HU Xiang-wei;FENG Guo-jun;LIU Guo-qing;Aikebaier Yilahong;Zaituniguli Kuerban(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Food Crops Research Institute,Xingjiang Academy of Agricultural Science Urumqi,Urumqi 830091;Institute of Millet Crops,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]河北省农林科学院谷子研究所,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期57-68,共12页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2024003-36)。

摘　　要：为分析氮肥和品种对甜高粱农艺性状及产量等之间的影响,以辽甜3(A)、辽甜1(B)、大力士(C)和3701(D)4个品种为材料,设置4个施氮处理(CK:N_(0)kg·hm^(-2)、N_(1):34.5 kg·hm^(-2)、N_(2):138 kg·hm^(-2)、N_(3):241.5 kg·hm^(-2)),测定5个时期[分裂期(S1)、拔节期(S2)、抽穗期(S3)、乳熟期(S4)和成熟期(S5)]农艺性状、秸秆含糖量、叶绿素和产量等相关指标,分析其变化规律,并进行产量与产量构成因素之间的相关性分析。结果表明,从分裂期到成熟期,品种对甜高粱水分、叶绿素、株高、茎粗、叶片数、含糖量与单株鲜重在品种和氮处理下变化规律均有明显的影响,从分蘖期到抽穗期快速生长,抽穗期至成熟期变化缓慢并在成熟期达到最大值;施氮量、品种和施氮量与品种交互作用对成熟期株高、茎粗、含糖量、水分含量、干物质含量、单株鲜重、千粒重、籽粒和生物产量有极显著(P<0.01)的影响,且4个品种的单株鲜重、生物产量和千粒重均随施氮量的增加而增加,在相同施氮条件下,生物产量大小顺序为C>A>D>B,氮素利用效率范围在11.74%~27.68%,其中,品种A、B、D在N_(2)氮素利用率显著高于其他处理,品种B氮素利用率最高(27.68%)。综上可知,施氮量和品种对甜高粱的生长、产量及氮肥利用均有明显的影响,但过量施用氮肥导致氮肥利用率降低和经济投入加大,对于品种B来说,纯氮用量138 kg·hm^(-2)有利于氮素利用效率的提高,而品种C作为首选高产优质品种,施纯氮241.5 kg·hm^(-2)有利于高产量的形成,因此,选择品种B或者C在该区域进行种植较为科学合理。In order to analyze the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and varieties on the agronomic traits and yield of sweet sorghum,four varieties[LiaoTian 3(A),LiaoTian 1(B),Dalishi(C)and 3701(D)]were used as the materials in this experiment,and four nitrogen application treatments were set up(CK:N_(0)kg·hm^(-2),N_(1):N34.5 kg·hm^(-2),N_(2):N138 kg·hm^(-2)N_(3):N 241.5 kg·hm^(-2)),and the related indicators such as agronomic traits,sugar content,chlorophyll,and yield of straw in five periods[division stage(S1),nodulation stage(S2),tassel stage(S3),milky stage(S4)and maturity stage(S5)]were determined.The variation pattern and correlation analysis between yield and yield composition factors was analyzed.The results showed that from division to maturity stages,varieties had a significant impact on the law of change of sweet sorghum moisture,chlorophyll,plant height,stem thickness,number of leaves,sugar content and fresh weight of single plant in the varieties and nitrogen treatments.The growth was rapid from the tillering stage to the tasseling stage,while it changed slowly from tasseling stage to maturity stage,and reach the maximum value in the maturity stage.Application of nitrogen,varieties and the interactions of nitrogen applications with the varieties significantly(P<0.01)affected plant height,stem diameter,sugar content,moisture content,dry matter content,fresh weight per plant,thousand grain weight,grain and biomass yield in maturity stage.The fresh weight per plant,biomass yield and thousand grain weight of the four varieties increased with the increase of nitrogen application,and under the same nitrogen application conditions,the biomass yield was in the order of C>A>D>B,and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency ranged from 11.74%to 27.68%,of which varieties A,B and D showed significantly higher nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency in the N_(2)nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency range.The nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of varieties A,B and D was significantly higher than that o

关 键 词：甜高粱 施氮量 农艺性状 生物产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]