斗南和富士苹果对果面涂抹钙肥吸收的差异  

Differences in absorption of applying calcium fertilizer between Tonami and Fuji apples

作　　者：黄剑 靖吉越 郭新送 王三红[3] 王海卫 HUANG Jian;JING Ji-yue;GUO Xin-song*;WANG San-hong;WANG Hai-wei(Taian Agro-tech Extension and Service Center,Taian Shandong 271000;Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science Tech.Co.,Ltd.,Taian Shandong 271600;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095)

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业技术推广中心,山东泰安271000 [2]农业农村部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室,山东农大肥业科技股份有限公司,山东泰安271600 [3]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期109-117,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划中低产田土壤障碍消减及地力提升技术集成与示范(2021CXGC010804);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1000103);泰安市科技创新发展项目高稳定性水溶肥技术创制及推广应用(2021NS089)。

摘　　要：我国是世界上最大的苹果生产国,苹果产业在国民经济中占据重要地位;果实因缺钙造成的生理病害,严重影响了果实的品质,制约着我国苹果产业的健康发展。在幼果期或果实膨大期用毛刷将0.05%的^(44)CaCl_(2)分别涂覆于斗南和富士苹果表面,探究斗南和富士苹果对果面涂抹钙肥吸收的差异。研究发现,0.05%的^(44)CaCl_(2)果面处理对斗南和富士苹果果实纵径、横径、果型指数、体积、表面积、干重和鲜重均无显著影响。果面^(44)Ca处理,被处理果实同果台枝的叶片中^(44)Ca含量最高,果实次之,果台枝中^(44)Ca含量最低;在苹果果实中,果皮中^(44)Ca含量最高,果肉最低。幼果期果面^(44)Ca处理,富士苹果果实(68.86%)对^(44)Ca的吸收效率显著高于斗南果实(62.46%);随着果实生长,果实中^(44)Ca的滞留率逐渐降低,膨大期果面^(44)Ca处理,斗南和富士苹果^(44)Ca的吸收效率分别为55.92%和60.34%。无论在幼果期还是膨大期,相较于斗南苹果,富士苹果对^(44)Ca的吸收效率提高7.90%~10.25%。在幼果期,果实中^(44)Ca含量及其总量与果实的体积和表面积呈正显著相关,在果实膨大期,果实中^(44)Ca含量及其总量与果实的体积和表面积呈显著负相关。China is the largest apple producer of the world,and the apple industry occupies an important position in the national economy.Physiological diseases of the fruit caused by calcium deficiency seriously affect the quality of the fruit and restrict the healthy development of the apple industry in China.At the fruitlet stage or fruit expansion stage,0.05%^(44)CaCl_(2)was applied to the surface of Tonami and Fuji fruits with a brush to explore the difference in absorption of calcium fertilizer between Tonami and Fuji apples.It was found that treatment with^(44)Ca at 0.05%had no significant effect on the longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit type index,volume,surface area,dry weight and fresh weight of Tonami and Fuji fruits.After fruit surface was treated with^(44)Ca,the content of^(44)Ca in the leaves of the bourse shoots where the fruit was treated was the highest,followed by the fruit,and the content of^(44)Ca in the bourse shoot was the lowest.In apple fruit,the^(44)Ca content was the highest in the peel and the lowest in the flesh.The^(44)Ca uptake efficiency of Fuji(68.86%)fruit was significantly higher than that of Tonami(62.46%)when the fruit surface was treated with^(44)Ca at the fruitlet stage.With the fruit growth,the retention rate of^(44)Ca in the fruit gradually was decreased.The absorption efficiency of^(44)Ca on fruit surface at fruit expansion stage was 55.92%and 60.34%for Tonami and Fuji apples,respectively.Compared with Tonami apple,the absorption efficiency of^(44)Ca in Fuji apple was 7.90%-10.25%higher in fruitlet stage and expansion stage.At fruitlet stage,^(44)Ca content and total^(44)Ca content were positively correlated with volume and surface area of fruit,while at fruit expansion stage,^(44)Ca content and total^(44)Ca content were negatively correlated with volume and surface area of fruit.

关 键 词：苹果 果实 钙 吸收效率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]