根区施用微生物菌肥对稻茬烤烟生长和干物质与养分积累的影响  

Effects of microbial fertilizer applied in root zone on growth and dry matter and nutrient accumulation of flue-cured tobacco intercropped with rice

作　　者：李伟 夏冰[2] 金江华[3] 李旭[3] 陈焘 首治国 彭健健 聂彪 黄杰 王新月 邓小华[2] LI Wei;XIA Bing;JIN Jiang-hua;LI Xu;CHEN Tao;SHOU Zhi-guo;PENG Jian-jian;NIE Biao;HUANG Jie;WANG Xin-yue;DENG Xiao-hua(Tobacco leaf Management Department of Hunan Provincial Tobacco Company,Changsha Hunan 410004;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha Hunan 410128;Jilin Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd,Yanji Jilin 133000;Hunan Chenzhou Municipal Tobacco Company,Chenzhou Hunan424400)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司烟叶管理处,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]吉林烟草工业有限责任公司,吉林延吉133000 [4]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州424400

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期126-135,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：吉林烟草工业有限责任公司科技项目(KJXM-2023-15);湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司科技项目(CZYC2022JS06)。

摘　　要：为了明确不同微生物肥料对烤烟生长、干物质和养分积累与分配的影响,为烟稻复种区烤烟早生快发提供技术支撑,以‘云烟87’品种为材料,在湖南省郴州市桂阳县研究了顿丰纳米硅菌肥、耕天下微藻营养液、金叶微生物菌肥、根茎康微生物菌剂等微生物肥料根区施用对烤烟生长、烟株干物质和氮磷钾积累、氮磷钾肥干物质积累效率、氮磷钾肥烟叶生产效率和氮磷钾肥烟株吸收效率的影响。结果表明:(1)根区施用微生物菌肥可促进烤烟生长,增加根系总长度1.52%~19.13%、根系表面积13.32%~45.05%、根系体积18.38%~62.23%、根尖数8.77%~38.54%、株高0.74%~3.54%、茎围3.45%~10.69%、最大叶面积7.10%~16.95%,施用耕天下微藻营养液、金叶微生物菌肥促进烤烟生长效果相对较好。(2)根区施用微生物菌肥可促进干物质和氮、磷、钾养分的积累,可提高团棵期干物质、氮、磷、钾积累量,分别为7.25%~64.07%、95.36%~380.44%、22.99%~75.16%、1.25%~60.24%,打顶期干物质、氮、磷、钾积累量分别为13.05%~23.20%、50.08%~104.89%、6.76%~51.69%、0.99%~25.44%,圆顶期干物质、氮、磷、钾积累量分别为1.55%~20.30%、9.75%~48.81%、5.68%~13.25%、7.53%~18.15%;其中,施用金叶微生物菌肥对提高烤烟干物质积累和磷、钾元素的积累效果最好,施用顿丰纳米硅菌肥积累氮素效果最好。(3)根区施用微生物菌肥可提高氮、磷、钾肥干物质积累效率1.55%~20.30%,烟叶生产效率3.14%~27.40%,肥料吸收效率9.76%~48.81%;其中,施用金叶微生物菌肥提高肥料干物质积累效率、烟叶生产效率和磷、钾肥吸收效率最高,施用顿丰纳米硅菌肥提高氮肥吸收效率最高。(4)根区施用微生物菌肥可提高烟叶糖含量和身份,提高烟叶外观质量和评吸质量,提高烟叶产量和产值。综上所述,在烟稻复种区,烤烟根区施用微生物菌肥可促进烤烟生长、提高干物质和养分积累量,提In order to determine the effects of different microbial fertilizers on the growth,the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nutrient of flue-cured tobacco,and provide technical supports for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco intercropped with rice,‘Yunyan 87’was used as material in Guiyang County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province.The effects of application of microbial fertilizers in root zone such as Dunfeng nano-silica fertilizer,Ploughing the World microalgae nutrient solution,Golden-leaf microbial fertilizer and Rhizome Kang microbial fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco growth,dry matter and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,dry matter accumulation efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and absorption efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were studied.The results showed that:(1)The application of microbial fertilizer in root zone promoted the growth of flue-cured tobacco,and increased the total root length,root surface volume,root volume,root tip,plant height,stem circumference and maximum foliar volume by 1.52%-19.13%,13.32%-45.05%,18.38%-62.23%,8.77%-38.54%,0.74%-3.54%,3.45%-10.69%and 7.10%-16.95%,respectively.The effects of the application of"ploughing the world"microalgae nutrient solution and Golden-leaf microbial fertilizer on promoting the growth of flue-cured tobacco were relatively better.(2)The application of microbial fertilizer in root zone promoted the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium at cluster stage was increased by 7.25%-64.07%,95.36%-380.44%,22.99%-75.16%,and 1.25%-60.24%,respectively,at the peak stage they were increased by 13.05%-23.20%,50.08%-104.89%,6.76%-51.69%,and 0.99%-25.44%,respectively,at the dome stage they were increased by 1.55%-20.30%,9.75%-48.81%,5.68%-13.25%,and 7.53%-18.15%,respectively.Among them,the application of Golden-leaf microbial fertilizer had the best effect on improving the dry

关 键 词：烟稻复种区 微生物肥料 根区施肥 烤烟生长 干物质和养分积累 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]