柑橘种植企业专用肥的效果验证:以褚橙为例  

Verification of the effect of enterprise-level citrus special fertilizer:taking Chu orange as an example

作　　者：邓梦洒 周凌翔 王昱桁 杨家伟 吴珍珍 李煜喆 颜斯敏 龙泉 董治浩 石孝均 张跃强[1] 孙玉翠 DENG Meng-sa;ZHOU Ling-xiang;WANG Yu-huan;YANG Jia-wei;WU Zhen-zhen;LI Yu-zhe;YAN Si-min;LONG Quan;DONG Zhi-hao;SHI Xiao-jun;ZHANG Yue-qiang;SUN Yu-cui(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;R&D Center of Yunnan Yuntianhua Co.,Ltd.,Kunming Yunnan 650100;Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,Xishuangbanna Yunnan 666100;College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100091;Yunnan Chushi Agricultural Technology Center,Kunming Yunnan 650100)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]云南云天化股份有限公司研发中心,云南昆明650100 [3]西双版纳傣族自治州农业科学研究所,云南西双版纳666100 [4]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100091 [5]云南褚氏农业技术中心,云南昆明650100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期157-168,共12页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1901204);云南省张福锁院士工作站科技人才与平台计划(202305AF150055);洱海流域农业高质量发展与面源污染防控协同的创新模式构建与示范重大科技专项计划(202202AE090034);褚橙绿色智能复合肥产品开发及应用(YTH-4230-WB-FW-2022-017708-00)。

摘　　要：柑橘是我国种植面积最大、总产最高的水果作物。20年来我国集约化程度不断提高,涌现出一批种植规模大、标准化程度高的柑橘种植企业,但仍缺少针对规模化柑橘种植企业开发的专用肥。为此,本研究以褚橙为例,在分析企业养分投入的基础上,结合企业所在区域的气候特征、立地条件和柑橘养分需求,形成企业级柑橘专用肥配方并委托优势企业生产,进而在企业不同作业区进行试验、示范验证。结果表明,基于褚橙施肥经验,创制了两款含黄腐酸钾的柑橘专用肥套餐(冬肥15-8-10-TEs、夏肥14-5-15-TEs)。云南干热河谷试验条件下,与褚橙习惯施肥(FP)相比,酰铵型柑橘专用肥套餐(CSF1)和硝铵型柑橘专用肥套餐(CSF2)的根长密度平均提高21.7%,产量平均提高14.8%,褚橙固酸比平均提高3个单位;同时,肥料成本平均减少3647元/hm^(2),肥料产投比提高9~32个单位。多作业区(5个)示范进一步表明,CSF2比FP平均增产10.8 t/hm^(2),平均增幅达24.2%,且果实品质相当。综上所述,基于规模化柑橘生产企业的施肥经验,结合气候、立地条件及品种特性,可以开发柑橘种植企业专用肥,并协同实现稳产优质、减肥增效和节本增收,可为我国柑橘产业绿色与可持续发展提供新途径和技术支撑。Citrus was the fruitcrop with the largest planting area and the highest total yield in China.In the past 20 years,the degree of intensification in China had been continuously improved,anda number ofcitrus planting enterprises with large planting scaleand high degree of standardization have emerged,but there was stilla lack of special fertilizer for the development of large-scalecitrus planting enterprises.Therefore,this study took Chu orangeasan example,on thebasis ofanalyzing the nutrient input of the enterprise,combined with the climatic characteristics,site conditions and citrus nutrient requirements of thearea where the enterprise was located,formedan enterprise-levelcitrus special fertilizer formulaand entrusted the production ofadvantageous enterprises,and thencarried out experiments and demonstration verification in different operationareas of the enterprise.The results showed thatbased on the fertilization experience of Chu orange,two special fertilizer packages for citrus containing potassium fulvicacid(winter fertilizer with 15-8-10-TEs and summer fertilizer with 14-5-15-TEs)were created.Under the experimental conditions of dryand hot valley in Yunnan,compared with the conventional fertilization(FP)of Chu orange,the root length density of acylammonium citrus(CSF1)and ammonium nitrate citrus fertilizer(CSF2)increased by 21.7%onaverage,the yield increasedby 14.8%onaverage,and the solid-acid ratio of rock sugar orange increasedby 3 units onaverage.At the same time,the averagecost of fertilizer was reducedby 3647 Yuan/hm^(2),and the ratio of fertilizer production and investment increasedby 9-32 units.The demonstration of multiple operationareas(5)further showed that the yield ofcitrus special fertilizer package(CSF2)increasedby 10.8 t/hm^(2)by an average of 24.2%,compared with thecontrol,and the fruit quality was comparable.In summary,based on the fertilization experience of large-scale citrus production enterprises,combined withclimate,site conditionsand variety characteristics,special fertilizers forcitru

关 键 词：柑橘专用肥 产量 品质 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]