不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤速效钾和水稻产量的影响  

Effects of different tillage methods and straw returning treatments on soil available potassium and yield of rice

作　　者：李心月 王杰 鞠梦倩 刘世平 LI Xin-yue;WANG Jie;JU Meng-qian;LIU Shi-ping(Yangzhou University Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期184-194,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：科技部重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200107);科技部国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD01B03);江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2015337);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(2018-12)。

摘　　要：为探索定点条件下不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤速效钾含量和水稻产量的长期影响,自2001年秋播到2021年夏播在扬州大学农学院试验田开展长期定位试验。试验共设置6个处理,分别为稻麦连续免耕秸秆覆盖还田(NTS)、稻季免耕麦季翻耕(RT1)、麦季免耕稻季翻耕(RT2)、稻麦连续翻耕秸秆还田(CTS)、稻麦连续少耕秸秆还田(MTS)、稻麦连续翻耕秸秆不还田(CT)。每年在水稻成熟后,对各个处理的土壤速效钾含量和水稻产量进行测定。结果表明:(1)秸秆还田可以显著增加土壤耕层速效钾含量,与CT处理相比,20年平均来看,NTS、RT1、RT2、CTS、MTS处理的土壤速效钾含量分别提高9.28%、5.95%、7.10%、16.55%、15.23%;(2)NTS处理对土壤表层速效钾含量影响更大,较CT处理提高14.16%;MTS处理促进土壤耕层中层速效钾的积累,较CT处理提高18.42%;CTS对土壤耕层下层速效钾含量影响更大,较CT处理提高20.74%;(3)CTS和MTS处理水稻产量较高,与CT处理相比平均增产4.48%和5.07%,NTS处理下的水稻产量相比CT处理则减产5.58%,翻耕和少耕与秸秆还田相结合在中期对土壤耕层下层速效钾含量的积累具有积极的作用,而在前期表现不明显;(4)除NTS处理外,其他处理随着时间的推移,水稻产量表现出不同幅度地增加;(5)土壤耕层下层速效钾含量与水稻产量之间存在极显著的正相关关系(皮尔逊相关系数r=0.26)。综合以上结果表明,稻麦连续少耕秸秆还田和翻耕秸秆还田对土壤耕层速效钾含量和水稻产量的提升效果均显著,从省工、节本和高效角度考虑,稻麦少耕秸秆还田是最适宜本地区的耕作方式。To explore the effects of different tillage methods and straw returning treatments on soil available potassium content and annual yield of rice under fixed point conditions,a long-term positioning experiments was conducted on the experimental field of Agricultural College of Yangzhou University from the autumn sowing in 2001 to summer sowing in 2021.A total of six treatments were set up in the experiments,including no-tillage and straw returning of rice and wheat continuously(NTS),convention tillage of wheat and no-tillage of rice(RT1),convention tillage of riceand no-tillage of wheat(RT2),convention tillage and straw returning of rice and wheat continuously(CTS),minimum tillage and straw reduce returning of riceand wheat continuously(MTS),convention tillage and no straw reduce returning of rice and wheat continuously(CT).Soil available potassium content and rice yield under each treatment were measured after rice ripening every year.The results showed as follows:(1)Straw returning significantly increased soil available potassium content in topsoil layer,and compared with CT treatment,the average soil available potassium content under NTS,RT1,RT2,CTS and MTS treatments were increased by 9.28%,5.95%,7.10%,16.55%and 15.23%,respectively.(2)The effect of NTS treatment on soil surfacea vailable potassium content was higher than that of CT treatment by 14.16%.MTS treatment promoted the accumulation of available potassium in the middle soil layer,which was 18.42%higher than that of CT treatment.CTS treatment had a greater effect on the content of available potassium in the lower layer of soil,which was increased by 20.74%,compared with CT treatment.(3)Compared with CT treatment,rice yield of CTS and MTS treatments were increased by 4.48%and 5.07%onaverage,respectively,while rice yield of NTS treatment was decreased by 5.58%,compared with CT treatment.The combination of tillage and less tillage with straw returning hada positive effect on the accumulation of available potassium in the lower layer of soil in the middle st

关 键 词：耕作方式 秸秆还田 土壤速效钾 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]