浇灌木醋液和添加粉煤灰对煤矸石基质微生物群落的影响  

Effects of irrigating wood vinegar and adding fly ash on the microbial community of gangue substrate

作　　者：张若琪 耿玉清 陈琳 张超英 韩秀娜 ZHANG Ruo-qi;GENG Yu-qing;CHEN Lin;ZHANG Chao-ying;HAN Xiu-na(College of Forestry,The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第3期203-212,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504400,2017YFC0504404)。

摘　　要：大量煤矸石的堆放严重影响了矿区的生态环境。因粉煤灰颗粒细、表面积大,常将其与煤矸石混合用于重构矿区土壤,但养分释放较慢。土壤微生物参与养分元素的循环,且对环境的变化响应迅速。浇灌木醋液能够促进养分的释放,但对微生物群落的影响目前还不太清晰。本研究以煤矸石与生土混合的基质为研究对象,添加0%、10%、20%和40%(CK、F10、F20、F40)的粉煤灰,再分别浇灌木醋液和蒸馏水。培养3个月后,测定基质理化性质和微生物群落特征,以探究浇灌木醋液和添加粉煤灰对基质微生物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)相较于浇灌蒸馏水,浇灌木醋液显著提高了基质总磷脂脂肪酸(TPLFAs)、总细菌、总真菌、广义细菌、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、腐生真菌和厌氧菌含量以及真菌/细菌(F/B),但降低了丛枝菌根真菌、放线菌含量。(2)添加粉煤灰显著提高了基质总PLFAs、总细菌和总真菌含量;F/B在F20和F40处理时显著升高,F10处理的革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌显著低于F20和F40处理,而直链饱和脂肪酸/单不饱和脂肪酸在F10处理显著高于F20和F40处理。(3)浇灌木醋液对基质微生物群落结构的影响效应大于添加粉煤灰。(4)基质水溶性有机碳、全氮、总有机碳和易氧化碳含量是影响基质微生物群落结构的主要理化指标。总之,浇灌木醋液和添加10%~20%粉煤灰提高了微生物生物量,改善了微生物群落结构特征,有利于煤矸石和粉煤灰重构土壤质量的提高。The accumulation of large amounts of coal gangue seriously affects the ecological environment of miningareas.Because of the fine particles and large surface area of fly ash,it is commonly mixed with coal gangue for reconstructing the soil in mining areas,but the release of nutrients is slow.Soil microorganisms are involved in the cycling of nutrient elements and respond rapidly to changes in the environment.Irrigating wood vinegar can promote the release of nutrients,but the effect on the microbial community is not clear yet.In this study,a substrate of coal gangue mixed with raw soil was added with 0%,10%,20%and 40%(CK,F10,F20,F40)of fly ash,and then irrigated with wood vinegar and distilled water,respectively.After 3 months of cultivation,the physicochemical properties of the substrate and microbial community characteristics were determined to investigate the effects of irrigating wood vinegar and adding fly ash on the microbial community of the substrate.The results showed:①Compared with irrigating distilled water,irrigating wood vinegar significantly increased the total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFAs),total bacteria,total fungi,generalized bacteria,gram-positive bacteria,gram-negative bacteria,saprophytic fungi and anaerobic bacteria contents and fungi/bacteria(F/B)in the substrate,but decreased the content of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and actinomycetes.②The addition of fly ash significantly increased the total PLFAs,total bacteria,and total fungi content of the substrate;F/B was significantly increased in F20 and F40 treatments,while gram-positive/gram-negative bacteria were significantly lower in F10 treatment than F20 and F40 treatments;Saturated fatty acids/monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in F10 treatment than F20 and F40 treatments.③The effect of irrigating wood vinegar on the structure of the microbial community in substrate was greater than that of the fly ash addition.④The contents of water-soluble organic carbon,total nitrogen,total organic carbon and active oxidizable

关 键 词：煤矸石基质 粉煤灰 木醋液 磷脂脂肪酸 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]