渤海湾西岸蒸发量变化特征及影响因子研究——以沧州地区为例  

Variation characteristics of evaporation and its influencing factors in west coast of Bohai Bay:A case study in Cangzhou

作　　者：闫春旺 索春男 马永敬 YAN Chunwang;SUO Chunnan;MA Yongjing(China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory,071800,Xiong'an New Area,Hebei,China;Hebei Cangzhou Meteorological Observatory,061000,Cangzhou,Hebei,China;State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,100029,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室,雄安新区071700 [2]沧州市气象局,河北沧州061000 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期18-25,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家青年科学基金“夏季沙漠湖泊在大气边界层中的‘冷热泵’效应研究”(42305090);沧州市重点研发计划指导项目“沧州地区气象—土壤干旱指数及等级定标研究”(222108005)。

摘　　要：环渤海沿岸平原地区的旱碱地是一种具有独特生态环境的特殊土地类型,旱碱地蒸发量变化是水土保持治理的关键调控对象,通过改变土壤盐分含量影响土地盐碱化程度,旱碱地蒸发量变化特征及其影响因子与水土保持治理关系密切。为研究该区域的蒸发量时空演变特征及其主导气象因子,利用1957—2018年沧州地区沿海(黄骅站)和内陆(泊头站)站点蒸发量观测数据进行综合统计分析。结果表明:1)沿海和内陆站点蒸发量均有“蒸发佯谬”现象,内陆站点更显著。“蒸发佯谬”现象的发生与总云量的增加、日照时间的减少以及地面风速下降有关;2)2站点蒸发量在2002年发生突变,与总云量和日照时间变化有关,突变后沿海地区蒸发量气候倾向率为111.5 mm/10 a,蒸发量呈明显增加的趋势;3)蒸发量的长期变化趋势与总云量、水汽压、相对湿度呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.614、-0.521、-0.450,与平均风速、日照时间呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.667、0.591。渤海湾西岸沿海地区蒸发量突变(2002年)后呈增加趋势,易加剧土壤旱碱化,加重水土流失,研究结果可为水土保持治理和防护提供理论参考。[Background]The arid and alkaline land in the coastal plain around the Bohai Sea is a special land type with unique geographical position and ecological environment.The characteristics of evaporation and its influencing factors are closely related to soil and water conservation and management.However,the long-term change characteristics and influencing factors of evaporation in this region are not yet clear,it is necessary to conduct relevant research.[Methods]This work used the trend coefficient,climate tendency rate and cumulative distance equality and ratio methods,analyzed the long-term change characteristics and influencing factors of evaporation in Cangzhou region using the pan evaporation observation data from 1957 to 2018 at coastal and inland observation stations.The observation station,the coastal station Huanghua,and the inland station Botou were selected for comparative analysis,and the differences in the characteristics of evaporation changes and influencing factors between coastal and inland areas were analyzed.[Results]1)The variation trend of pan evaporation from 1957 to 2018 showed that this trend was contrary to the expectation that global warming will be accompanied by an increase in terrestrial evaporation,known as the pan evaporation paradox.The pan evaporation climate tendency rates of Botou Station and Huanghua Station were-107 mm/10a and-43 mm/10a,respectively,with the evaporation paradox showing a more accentuated manifestation at inland stations.2)The pan evaporation anomaly at Botou Station demonstrated a transition from positive to negative anomalies.Notably,since 2002,the pan evaporation anomaly in Bohai Bay rapidly shifted to negative values,with the cumulative anomaly displaying a downward trend.This shift signified an evaporation mutation,which is attributed to the sudden increase in total cloud cover and the subsequent rapid decrease in sunshine duration.Following the evaporation mutation,the evaporation rate in the coastal area increased at a rate of 111.5 mm/10 a,indicating a cl

关 键 词：旱碱地 蒸发皿蒸发量 蒸发佯谬 气象因子 水土保持 渤海湾西岸 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学] P332.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]