东北黑土区典型小流域浅沟损毁耕地特征分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of farmland damaged by ephemeral gully in typical small watersheds of the black soil area in Northeast China

作　　者：王伟 王春梅 明哲 魏继龙 申华珍 王强 麻磊 孙智博 杜华栋[1] WANG Wei;WANG Chunmei;MING Zhe;WEI Jilong;SHEN Huazhen;WANG Qiang;MA Lei;SUN Zhibo;DU Huadong(College of Geology and Environment,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,710054,Xi'an,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,710127,Xi'an,China;Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,710048,Xi'an,China;Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang Heshan Farm Co.,Ltd.,161443,Heihe,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,西安710054 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127 [3]旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业和草原局重点实验室,西安710048 [4]北大荒集团黑龙江鹤山农场有限公司,黑龙江黑河161443

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期35-45,共11页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目“黑土农田浅沟向切沟发展的阻控技术及原理”(2021YFD1500600)。

摘　　要：为探究浅沟损毁耕地问题,明确其与浅沟形态关系,以黑龙江嫩江鹤北小流域内治理和非治理2个子流域为研究区,基于2022—2023年高分辨率无人机影像和高精度野外实测,定量分析浅沟形态与损毁耕地面积的关系。结果表明:1)受侵蚀沟潜在影响的耕地及在此影响下作物难以生长的损毁耕地面积分别占流域总耕地面积的32%和0.258%,其中浅沟损毁耕地面积占沟毁耕地面积的31%,治理流域较非治理流域下降38%,2022年和2023年当年种植大豆的浅沟损毁耕地面积分别是种植玉米的2.17倍和2.03倍;2)浅沟损毁耕地宽度是浅沟本身宽度的2.21倍,浅沟宽度、深度、横截面面积和宽深比均与损毁耕地宽度显著相关(P<0.05),其中宽度与损毁耕地宽度存在较好的线性关系;3)浅沟平均宽度和长度交互影响损毁耕地面积重要性最高,存在良好线性关系。本研究表明浅沟损毁耕地是东北黑土区沟毁耕地的重要组成部分,不容忽视,浅沟形态参数与其损毁耕地面积存在线性相关关系。研究结果可促进侵蚀沟损毁耕地面积的精准评估,从而服务黑土地保护和粮食安全国家战略。[Background]Gully erosion damaging farmland is a key challenge for the conservation of black soil in China.Current research primarily focuses on the damage caused by permanent gullies,the quantitative understanding of farmland damage caused by ephemeral gullies is insufficient,and the relationship between such damage and the morphological characteristics of ephemeral gullies remains unclear,posing a significant challenge in gully erosion control.Therefore,this study selects two subwatersheds,one managed and one unmanaged,in the Heilongjiang Nenjiang Hebei small watershed as the research area.[Methods]Taking the erosion gullies in two sub-watersheds of Hebei as the research subjects.Utilizing high-resolution UAV imagery and precise field cross-section measurements from 2022 to 2023,combined with manual visual interpretation,the research quantitatively analyzed the relationship between the morphological characteristics of ephemeral gullies and the area of damaged farmland.[Results]1)The total area of farmland that is potentially affected by erosion gullies,as well as the specific area of farmland that has become so severely damaged that crops are unable to grow under these conditions,account for 32% and 0.258% of the total farmland area within the watershed,respectively.Notably,the area of farmland that is directly affected by ephemeral gullies constitutes 31% of the overall area affected by gully erosion.In watersheds where management interventions have been implemented,the area of farmland damaged by ephemeral gullies is reduced by 38% compared to those in non-managed watersheds.In 2022 and 2023,the area of farmland damaged by ephemeral gullies in plots planted with soybeans was 2.17 times and 2.03 times larger,respectively,than the corresponding areas in plots planted with corn.2)From the perspective of ephemeral gully cross-sections,the width of farmland that is damaged by ephemeral gullies is on average 2.21 times the width of the ephemeral gullies themselves.Significant positive correlations were observed bet

关 键 词：浅沟 沟毁耕地 野外实测 无人机遥感 东北黑土区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]