1961—2020年藏东南地区降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征  

Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity in southeastern Tibet from 1961 to 2020

作　　者：李超 骆师堂 喻雅雯 万丹[1] 周金龙 刘忠元 高鑫 周金星[3] LI Chao;LUO Shitang;YU Yawen;WAN Dan;ZHOU Jinlong;LIU Zhongyuan;GAO Xin;ZHOU Jinxing(College of Resources and Environment,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,860000,Linzhi,Tibet,China;College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004,Changsha,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]中南林业科技大学林学院,长沙410004 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期103-115,共13页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金“藏东南冻融水力侵蚀交错带砾石空间分布格局对土壤侵蚀影响机制”(32060370);西藏农牧学院研究生创新计划项目(YJS2022-09)。

摘　　要：降雨作为导致土壤流失的关键因素之一,对藏东南地区水土流失预防具有重要意义。笔者利用藏东南地区10个国家气象站1961—2020年的逐日降雨数据,综合采用日降雨侵蚀力模型、M-K趋势检验、累积距平法以及小波分析、协同克里金插值等方法,探讨近60年来藏东南地区降雨侵蚀力时空变化。结果表明:1)藏东南地区年均降雨侵蚀力为2161.2 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h),年际变化呈上升趋势,其速率为13.76 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h);2)年降雨侵蚀力近60 a显出5~15 a和20~30 a周期变化,降雨侵蚀力的变化呈上升—上下波动—下降;3)藏东南地区多年平均降雨侵蚀力范围为1342.7~2979.7 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h),空间分布总体上呈现东南部向西北部递减的趋势;4)藏东南地区降雨侵蚀力夏季最高,占全年的72.93%,而冬季最低。气象站台的降雨侵蚀力变异系数在0.13~0.31之间。这些结果有助于指导藏东南地区采取降雨侵蚀防治措施,以便对不同时段的水土流失进行有针对性的治理,为该地区的生态保护和高质量发展提供技术支撑。[Background]Rainfall is one of the most significant factors leading to soil erosion,and rainfall erosivity(R)serves as a crucial indicator of the impact of rainfall on soil erosion.The southeastern Tibetan region is characterized by high mountains,steep slopes,and deeply incised valleys,with a complex underlying surface that results in severe soil erosion.To elucidate the intensity of rainfall erosivity in this area,it is essential to conduct a temporal and spatial analysis of rainfall erosivity.This study aims to provide scientific references for preventing soil and water loss and protecting the regional ecological environment.[Methods]This study utilized daily rainfall data from 10 national meteorological stations in southeastern Tibet from 1961 to 2020,employing methods such as the daily rainfall erosivity model,Mann-Kendall trend test,cumulative anomaly method,wavelet analysis,and co-Kriging interpolation to explore the spatiotemporal variations in rainfall erosivity over the past 60 years.[Results]1)In the southeastern Tibetan region,the rainfall erosivity from 1961 to 2020 ranged between 1342.7 and 2979.7 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h),with a multi-year average of 2161.2 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h).Additionally,it has shown an increasing trend,with an annual increment of 13.76 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h).2)The rainfall erosivity in the southeastern Tibetan region showed a significant increasing trend from 1961 to 1980.After 1980,the rainfall erosivity began to exhibit fluctuations,overall displaying a downward trend.Through the M-K mutation test analysis,1975 was identified as the year of mutation for rainfall erosivity,with the highest value reached in 1980 in the southeastern Tibetan region.3)The seasonal rainfall erosivity in the southeastern Tibetan region is 282.55,1625.98,273.30,and 47.59 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h)for spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.All stations in the region show that summer has the highest rainfall erosivity,while winter has the lowest.The annual rainfall erosivity in the last 60 years exhibits periodic cha

关 键 词：水土流失 降雨侵蚀力 时空特征 藏东南 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]