喀斯特遥感生态模型构建及桂林市生态环境质量评价  

Establishment of karst remote sensing ecological model and evaluation of ecological environment quality in Guilin,Guangxi

作　　者：晏红波 李浩 卢献健 杨志高 YAN Hongbo;LI Hao;LU Xianjian;YANG Zhigao(College of Geomatics and Geoinformation,Guilin University of Technology,541004,Guilin,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics,541004,Guilin,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学测绘地理信息学院,广西桂林541004 [2]广西空间信息与测绘重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期171-179,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“西南岩溶区高精度地表土壤水分遥感反演方法研究”(42361052);广西自然科学基金项目“融合多源数据的西南岩溶区多尺度遥感干旱监测及预警研究”(2025GXNSFAA069733)。

摘　　要：喀斯特地区土壤稀薄,生态脆弱,极易出现石漠化现象,导致水土流失,监测分析喀斯特地区生态环境质量对石漠化治理和水土保持具有重要意义。研究以喀斯特地貌典型区域桂林市为例,为定量分析桂林市生态环境质量变化,以2000、2005、2010、2015和2021年的Landsat影像为主要数据源,将表征喀斯特地区特征的坡度、基岩裸露率与传统植被覆盖度、干度、热度、湿度融入到生态指数模型中,利用主成分分析法构建喀斯特遥感生态指数(KRSEI),并使用该指数对桂林地区近十年生态环境变化情况及其驱动因子进行评价与分析。结果表明:1)KRSEI前3个主成分特征值贡献率之和超过80%,包含大部分有效信息,显著提高遥感信息的处理效率;2)2000—2021年,桂林市生态环境质量呈现“上升—下降—上升”,且总体上升趋势。造成这种动态变化的重要原因是建筑用地扩张趋势的有效控制以及城乡绿化率逐年提升;3)绿度、湿度、地形指标对生态环境的改善起促进作用,绿度及湿度提高是桂林市整体生态环境质量改善的主要原因;干度、热度、石漠化指标对生态环境的改善起抑制作用,干度及石漠化程度增加是局部生态环境质量降低的主要原因。研究表明在喀斯特地区的水土保持和生态环境修复中,需要注重增加植被覆盖度、降低建筑用地扩张和石漠化程度,以提升整体生态环境质量。[Background]Karst areas with thin soil are ecologically fragile and highly susceptible to rocky desertification,leading to soil erosion and posing a great challenge to production,life and socialeconomic development.Therefore,it is necessary to accurately and timely monitor the status of ecological environment changes and influencing factors in karst areas.Guilin belongs to a typical karst area with fragile regional ecological environment,and systematic monitoring and analysis of the changes in ecological environment quality and its influencing factors in Guilin is of great significance to the study of the changes in ecological environment quality in typical karst areas.[Methods]The study takes Guilin city,a typical region of karst landscape,as an example.In order to quantitatively analyze the changes of ecological environment quality in Guilin city,we combined the Landsat images(2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2021)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to construct karst remote sensing ecological index(KRSEI)for evaluation and analyzing the ecological change and driver factors in Guilin karst region in last decade,combining with the slope,bedrock exposure rate and traditional vegetation cover,dryness,heat and humidity.[Results]1)The sum of the contributions of the eigenvalues of the first three principal components of the KRSEI exceeds 80%,which contains most of the effective information and significantly improves the processing efficiency of remote sensing information.2)From 2000 to 2021,the ecological grade of forest land cover in Guilin city is the best,followed by grassland,then arable land,and the ecological environment quality of construction land is the worst,and the change of land cover is an important reason for the change of ecological environment quality in Guilin city.The ecological environment quality shows the trend of“rising-declining-rising”,and the overall rising trend,which is caused by the effective control of the expansion trend of building land and the yearly increase of the greening rate in urban

关 键 词：喀斯特 主成分分析 驱动因子 改进的遥感生态指数 生态环境 质量评价 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]