植被缓冲带固土护坡效应研究——以涪江流域潼南段为例  

Research on the soil reinforcement effects of vegetation buffer zone:A case study of the Tongnan section of the Fujiang River Basin

作　　者：王鑫皓 黄盛 李通 祁子寒 胡月 李克文 闫相君 WANG Xinhao;HUANG Sheng;LI Tong;QI Zihan;HU Yue;LI Kewen;YAN Xiangjun(Geological Team 107,Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration,401120,Chongqing,China;Postdoctoral Workstation,Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration,401121,Chongqing,China;School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Three-Gorges Reservoir Area(Chongqing)Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Ministry of Education,School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Three Gorges Reservoir Area(Chongqing)Forest Ecosystem Research Station,School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Chongqing No.107 Municipal Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.,401120,Chongqing,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市地质矿产勘查开发局107地质队,重庆401120 [2]重庆市地质矿产勘查开发局博士后工作站,重庆401121 [3]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083 [4]北京林业大学水土保持学院重庆三峡库区森林生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,北京100083 [5]北京林业大学水土保持学院重庆缙云山三峡库区森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083 [6]重庆市一〇七市政建设工程有限公司,重庆401120

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期199-209,共11页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：2023年107地质队队立科研项目“河岸植被缓冲带生态功能与构建技术研究——以涪江流域潼南段为例”(2023-z105);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目“植被固土护坡力学–水文作用的耦合效应和分项量化研究”(CSTB2024NSCQMSX1037)。

摘　　要：植被缓冲带是河岸生态系统的重要组成部分,在固土护坡方面具有重要的作用。本研究以涪江流域潼南段河岸植被缓冲带为研究对象,通过样方调查、室内试验和野外试验等,确定沿岸植被缓冲带的物种组成和优势种,根系的力学和形态特征以及固土护坡效果。主要结果:1)河流沿岸缓冲带共有植物2门3纲16目19科30属35种,主要为被子植物和蕨类植物2大类,优势物种为狗牙根、芦苇、草木樨、狗尾草、小蓬草。2)当根系直径<0.2 mm时,狗牙根根系的抗拉强度最高;当根系直径>0.2 mm时,草木樨根系的抗拉强度最高。3)植物根系的存在具有明显抗冲效果,最大冲刷深度时间延迟1~4 min,冲刷深度降低938 mm,侵蚀量减少20.17%~58.90%,狗牙根的抗冲刷效果明显好于狗尾草;根系的存在能够显著提升土体的抗剪强度,使剪切峰值延缓0.26~4.80 cm,剪切峰值提升4.76~11.37 kPa,能量消耗增加23.76%~46.11%。抗剪切效果最好的是芦苇,其次是小蓬草,最后是草木樨。综上,为了兼顾植物根系的抗冲刷效果和抗剪切效果,推荐狗牙根和芦苇进行浅根–深根搭配种植来提升河岸的水土保持能力。[Background]In recent years,with the trend of large-scale agricultural development,the intensity of development and utilization along riverbanks has increased continuously,resulting in varying degrees of damage to the vegetation buffer zones,and soil and water loss has become increasingly severe.The riparian vegetation buffer zone is an important component of riverbank ecosystems and plays a crucial role in soil consolidation and slope protection.However,the roles of different species in vegetation buffer zones along riverbanks in terms of soil and water conservation are still unclear.[Methods]In this study,the riparian vegetation buffer zone in the Tongnan section of the Fujiang River Basin was selected as the research object.Through sample plot surveys,the species composition and types of dominant species were identified.The morphological characteristics and tensile strength of the plant roots were obtained through measurements of root mechanical and morphological traits.Indoor and field simulation experiments were conducted to determine the antiscourability resistance and shear strength of root-soil composites for different dominant species.[Results]1)The main results are as follows:there are a total of 35 species belonging to 2 phyla,3 classes,16 orders,19 families,and 30 genera of plants in the riparian buffer zone,mainly comprising angiosperms and ferns.The dominant species include Cynodon dactylon,Setaria viridis,Phragmites australis,Erigeron canadensis,and Melilotus officinalis.2)When the root diameter is less than 0.2 mm,the tensile strength of C.dactylon roots is the highest,and when the diameter is larger than 0.2 mm,M.officinalis roots have the highest tensile strength.3)The presence of plant root systems has a significant anti-scourability effect,with a time delay of 1-4 min for maximum scouring depth,a decrease in erosion depth of 9-38 mm,and a reduction in scouring amount of 20.17%-58.90%.The anti-scourability effect of C.dactylon is significantly better than that of S.viridis.The root system signi

关 键 词：植被缓冲带 水土保持 抗冲性 抗剪强度 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]