城市有山公园沟道侵蚀强度与特征——以颐和园万寿山为例  

The intensity and characteristics of gully erosion in urban mountain park:Take the Longevity Hill of the Summer Palace as an example

作　　者：田昌园 闫宝兴 黄鑫 党晨 裴益乐 欧阳佳焕 查同刚[1] TIAN Changyuan;YAN Baoxing;HUANG Xin;DANG Chen;PEI Yile;OUYANG Jiahuan;ZHA Tonggang(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Administration Office for the Summer Palace,100097,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京市颐和园管理处,北京100097

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期220-226,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业和草原局林业科学技术推广项目“北京八达岭林场水分高效利用的森林经营管理技术推广示范”([2019]03);颐和园万寿山区域水土流失生态修复工程前期项目(2022HXFWSBXY013)。

摘　　要：为分析颐和园万寿山沟道侵蚀强度特征以及侵蚀沟的分布与形态特征,综合道路、自然地形地貌以及景观等特征,将万寿山划分为37个研究地块,以地块为单元进行逐条侵蚀沟调查,利用沟壑密度指标对各地块沟道侵蚀强度进行评价,利用SPSS27软件对万寿山侵蚀沟的分布特征与形态特征进行统计分析。研究表明:1)万寿山29个有沟地块的平均沟壑密度为3.19 km/km^(2),平均侵蚀强度达到强烈,在整个研究区37个地块平均沟壑密度为2.50 km/km^(2),平均侵蚀强度为中度;2)沟道侵蚀在万寿山山体普遍发生,较为严重地块主要分布在东部山体的南北2侧,沟道侵蚀强度总体呈现出东部山体大于西部山体;3)万寿山侵蚀沟的分布呈现南坡多于北坡,南北坡多于东西坡,83.4%的侵蚀沟分布在15°~30°的坡面。万寿山沟道的发育主要表现为沟长的发育,各沟沟宽和沟深的变化相差不大。研究结果可为颐和园万寿山等城市有山公园的侵蚀沟治理和水文路径调控提供参考。[Background]Gully erosion is an important cause of land degradation.In urban mountain parks,gully erosion is easy to occur due to its special topography and tourist influence.Longevity Hill in the Summer Palace is a typical urban mountain park.Under the influence of natural and human factors,especially the frequent tourist activities and engineering construction,the mountain channel erosion is frequent and the soil erosion is aggravated.Therefore,we chose the Longevity Hill as the research object,and analyzed the gully erosion intensity characteristics of the mountain as well as the distribution and morphological characteristics of the eroded gullies,aiming to provide reference for its mountain gully management.[Methods]Based on the characteristics of roads,natural topography and landscape,the Longevity Hill was divided into 37 study plots.The eroded gully was investigated one by one with the plot as the unit.The gully density index was used to evaluate the erosion intensity of the gully in each plots.The distribution characteristics and morphological characteristics of the Longevity Hill erosion gully were statistically analyzed by SPSS27 software.[Results]1)The average gully density of 29 gully plots in the Longevity Hill is 3.19 km/km^(2),and the average erosion intensity is intense.The average gully density of 37 plots in the whole study area is 2.50 km/km^(2),and the average erosion intensity is moderate.2)Gully erosion generally occurs in the Longevity Hill,and the more serious plots are mainly distributed in the north and south sides of the eastern mountain,and the gully erosion intensity of the eastern mountain is generally greater than that of the western mountain.3)The distribution of eroded gullies in the Longevity Hill is more in the south slope than in the north slope,and more in the north slope than in the east slope.83.4% of eroded gullies are distributed in the slope of 15°-30°.The development of gullies in the Longevity Hill is mainly manifested by the development of gullies,and the changes of

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 沟道侵蚀 侵蚀沟特征 城市有山公园 颐和园万寿山 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]