东北黑土区流域洪峰流量计算方法探讨  

Discussion on the calculation method of peak flow rate in watersheds of the Black Soil Region of Northeast China

作　　者：赵云龙 符素华 ZHAO Yunlong;FU Suhua(Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,100875,Beijing,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,100875,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2025年第2期227-238,共12页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黑土地风蚀水蚀融蚀过程、耦合机制与阻控原理”(2021YFD1500700)。

摘　　要：流域洪峰流量是土壤侵蚀模型以及水土保持工程设计中的重要参数。目前国内对洪峰流量计算公式的研究主要集中于黄土高原地区,水土流失严重的东北黑土区罕有提及。建立适用于东北黑土区的洪峰流量公式,有助于厘清东北黑土区流域汇流规律,为水土保持工程设计提供依据。利用东北黑土区9个流域2011—2012、2017—2019年共120场降雨事件数据,对比已有的洪峰流量计算公式在黑土区的适用性,发现现有的农业管理系统中的化学、径流和侵蚀模型(CREAMS)中洪峰流量计算公式和黄土高原区洪峰流量计算公式在东北黑土区均显著高估洪峰流量。因此,研究主要采用量纲分析和非线性回归方法,建立包含最大60 min降雨强度和不包含最大60 min降雨强度的东北黑土区洪峰流量公式形式。利用95场降雨数据进行参数率定,模型有效系数分别为0.68和0.67;利用25场降雨事件进行公式验证,模型效率系数均达0.78。总体而言,计算公式是否包含I60均能较好的预测流域洪峰流量。本文建立的洪峰流量计算公式是对东北黑土区水文分析的重要补充,可进一步为区域土壤侵蚀模拟和水土保持工程建设提供方法支撑。[Background]Peak flow rate in watersheds is a critical parameter for soil erosion modeling and the design of soil and water conservation projects.In China,research on the formula to predict peak flow rate has primarily focused on the Loess Plateau.However,in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China,where soil erosion is severe,there is a lack of empirical formulas to predicting peak flow rate.The purpose of this study are to develop a formula to predict the peak flow rate in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China.[Methods]A total of 120 rainfall events were collected across nine watersheds of the Black Soil Region of Northeast China from 2011-2012 and 2017-2019.The data was divided into two sets.The first set,comprising 95 events,were used to develop a new formula,while the second set,consisting of 25 events,was used to validate the equations.Pearson correlation analysis were conducted between peak flow rate and various effect factors,including rainfall,maximum 60-minute rainfall intensity(I60),average rainfall intensity,watershed area,watershed length,channel slope,runoff depth,and runoff coefficient.Existing formulas for predicting peak flow rates were tested in the region,and the new equations were developed using the dimensionless analyses and nonlinear regression methods.[Results]Existing formulas for predicting peak flow rates,such as that used in Chemical,Runoff,and Erosion Modeling in Agricultural Management Systems(CREAMS)and on the Loess Plateau,significantly overestimated the peak flow rates in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China.The peak flow rate was found to be significantly correlated with rainfall depth,maximum 60-minute rainfall intensity(I60),average rainfall intensity,runoff depth and channel slope at the 0.01 confidence level.A new formula for predicting peak flow rates was developed,with independent variables including rainfall depth,I60,runoff depth,channel slope and drainage area.The model efficiency was 0.68 when calibrated using the first data set and 0.78 when validated with the s

关 键 词：洪峰流量 径流 水土保持工程 东北黑土区 

分 类 号：S333.2[农业科学—作物遗传育种]