基因编辑技术在猪分子育种中的研究进展与前景展望  

Research Progress and Prospect of Gene Editing Technology in Pig Molecular Breeding

作　　者：李云蕾 叶凯文 熊明福 李健 刘亚星 李超程 孔思远 张永生[1] LI Yunlei;YE kaiwen;XIONG Mingfu;LI Jian;LIU Yaxing;LI Chaocheng;KONG Siyuan;ZHANG Yongsheng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Shenzhen 518000,)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心,农业农村部畜禽生物组学重点实验室,中国农业科学院(深圳)农业基因组研究所,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《中国猪业》2025年第2期35-50,共16页China Swine Industry

基　　金：兵团科技计划项目(KC2024CC007);自治区科技支疆项目计划(2022E02138);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(2022ZK022)。

摘　　要：作为最早被驯化的物种之一,猪的育种改良始终是生猪产业发展的核心驱动力。与生猪传统育种的周期长、性状筛选效率低等不足相比,基因编辑技术能做到精准定位目标基因位点,实现各类如生长发育、抗病能力和繁殖性状等经济性状的定向改良,显著提高生猪的育种效率。此外,在当前严峻的传统育种背景下,基因编辑技术的应用还有助于解决我国生猪生产中面临的挑战。不过由于基因编辑技术的种类繁多,其原理又各不相同,有较高技术门槛;因此,本文系统梳理了当前基因编辑技术的作用原理、主要类型、应用现状,探讨与分析生物伦理安全问题及当前面临的机遇与挑战。在确保生物安全的前提下,为保障肉类安全供给,推动我国生猪种业实现跨越式发展提供一定参考。As one of the earliest domesticated species,the breeding improvement of pigs had always been the core driving force for the development of the pig industry.Compared with the drawbacks of traditional pig breeding,such as long breeding cycles and low efficiency in trait screening,gene-editing technology could precisely locate target gene loci,achieve targeted improvement of various economic traits such as growth and development,disease resistance,and reproductive traits,and significantly enhance the efficiency of pig breeding.Moreover,in the current challenging context of traditional breeding,the application of gene-editing technology also helped to address the challenges faced in China's pig production.However,due to the wide variety of gene-editing technologies with different principles,there was a relatively high technical threshold.Therefore,this paper systematically summarized the working principles,main types,and application status of current gene-editing technologies,and discussed and analyzed biological and ethical safety issues as well as the current opportunities and challenges.On the premise of ensuring biological safety,it provided certain references for guaranteeing the safe supply of meat and promoting the leap-forward development of China's pig breeding industry,and promoting the leapfrog development of China's pig breeding industry.

关 键 词：基因编辑 猪 分子育种 应用 发展前景 抗病能力 繁殖性状 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学] S814.8[农业科学—畜牧兽医]