Y形三通结构流场特性仿真分析及优化设计  

Simulation Analysis of Flow Field Characteristics and Optimization Design for Y-Type Three-way Structure

作　　者：张靖宇 柳洋 何昆[2] 李雪飞 牛磊 董海平[1] ZHANG Jingyu;LIU Yang;HE Kun;LI Xuefei;NIU Lei;DONG Haiping(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Aerospace Power Research Institute,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机电学院,北京100081 [2]北京航天动力研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2025年第4期82-91,共10页Equipment Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：目的提升新一代重型运载火箭发动机点火可靠性。方法基于ANSYS Fluent流体仿真方法,对单火药点火器直管结构与双火药点火器Y形三通结构的气体流场特性展开对比研究。对2种经过优化的Y形三通结构开展流体仿真,对比不同优化设计对输出性能的影响。结果2种结构的压力与温度均沿流动方向递减,速度则递增,且后端变化更为显著。双点火器Y形三通结构的出口压力达0.43 MPa,较单点火器直管结构(0.19 MPa)提升126.3%,速度与温度差异小于5%。此外,当单侧点火器故障时,Y形三通结构的出口压力降低15.8%,输出性能仍与单点火器直管结构相当。Y形连接处添加圆角可使出口压力提升14%,管径缩减至6 mm,则使压力提升102.3%。结论双火药点火器Y形三通结构具有冗余作用,对Y形三通结构的优化设计可以提高其点火能力,研究成果为液体火箭发动机点火结构设计提供了数据支撑。The work aims to enhance the ignition reliability of new generation heavy lift rocket engines.A comparative study was conducted on the gas flow field characteristics of the single gunpowder igniter straight tube structure and the double gunpowder igniters Y-type three-way structure using ANSYS Fluent computational fluid dynamics simulations.Fluid simulation was used on two optimized Y-type three-way structures to compare the effects of different optimization design on output performance.The pressure and temperature of both structures decreased along the flow direction,while the velocity increased,and more pronounced changes were observed downstream.The outlet pressure of the double gunpowder igniters Y-type three-way structure reached 0.43 MPa,representing a 126.3%increase compared with the singleigniter straight tube structure(0.19 MPa),while velocity and temperature differences remained below 5%.Additionally,when one igniter failed,the outlet pressure of the Y-type three-way structure decreased by 15.8%,maintaining output performance comparable to the single gunpowder igniter straight tube structure.When the fillet radius was added at the Y-junction,the outlet pressure increased by 14%.And when the pipe diameter was reduced to 6 mm,and the pressure increased by 102.3%.In conclusion,the Y-type three-way structure has a redundant effect,and its optimized designs substantially enhance ignition performance.The research results can provide data support for the ignition structure design of liquid rocket engines.

关 键 词：液体火箭发动机 流场仿真 直管结构 Y形三通结构 结构优化 

分 类 号：V434.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]