航天产品爆炸冲击环境考核与防护  

Assessment and Protection of Aerospace Products Against Explosive Shock Environments

作　　者：林小艳[1] 王舒楠[1] 陶强[1] 陈锐 李海豹 LIN Xiaoyan;WANG Shunan;TAO Qiang;CHEN Rui;LI Haibao(Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]上海卫星工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2025年第4期92-98,共7页Equipment Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：目的修正航天产品火工品冲击环境传统考核条件,研究冲击衰减方法,以更有效的方式对航天产品进行考核和防护。方法利用连续结构冲击衰减的理论值计算以及不连续结构冲击衰减的工程经验,实现航天产品火工品冲击环境预示。以卫星为例,对传统卫星单机产品火工品冲击试验条件的来源及原因进行分析,针对目前新型卫星特点(如越来越多使用爆炸螺栓、小型化、集成化、一步正样),对单机产品火工品冲击环境给出分析预示方法,结合历史卫星型号的火工品起爆数据分析,给出更适应当前应用需求的火工品冲击环境考核条件。结果传统火工品冲击环境考核条件不适应当前新型卫星应用需求,获得当前卫星一般单机产品火工品冲击环境考核条件的建议。结论当前形势下,单机产品在卫星上的冲击环境越来越恶劣,按本文建议的火工品冲击环境考核条件开展冲击试验考核,能更真实模拟星上火工品冲击环境,确保考核充分的同时,还能保护单机产品在低频段不过考核。本文可用来指导航天型号制定单机产品冲击试验条件,以及评估成熟单机产品是否能够适应新航天型号火工品爆炸冲击环境,并给出降低火工品冲击环境的建议措施。The work aims to revise the traditional test conditions for pyrotechnic devices of spacecraft products under shock environments,and study the shock attenuation method to evaluate and protect spacecraft products in a more effective way.By utilizing theoretical calculations for shock attenuation in continuous structures and engineering experience for shock attenuation in discontinuous structures,the shock environment for pyrotechnic devices of aerospace products was predicted.With satellites as an example,the sources and reasons for the traditional shock test conditions of pyrotechnic devices in single-unit satellite products were analyzed.Considering the characteristics of current new satellite types(such as increased use of explosive bolts,satellite miniaturization,integration,and one-step prototype production),an analytical prediction method for the shock environment of pyrotechnic devices in single-unit products was provided.Combined with data analysis of pyrotechnic device detonation from historical satellite models,more suitable evaluation conditions for pyrotechnic device shock environments were proposed to meet current application requirements.The traditional shock environment evaluation conditions of pyrotechnic devices were no longer suitable for the application needs of new satellite types.Recommendations for evaluation conditions for pyrotechnic device shock environments in current satellite single-unit products were obtained.In conclusion,under the current circumstances,the shock environment for single-unit products on satellites is becoming increasingly severe.Conducting shock tests according to the recommended pyrotechnic device shock environment evaluation conditions can more realistically simulate the on-orbit shock environment of spacecraft products,ensuring thorough qualification while protecting single-unit products from over-testing in the low-frequency range.This paper can be used to guide the establishment of shock test conditions for aerospace models,evaluate whether mature single-unit produ

关 键 词：火工品 冲击 环境 考核条件 航天 单机 

分 类 号：TJ450[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程] V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]