船用铅酸蓄电池低温环境下的适应性试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Adaptability of Marine Lead-acid Batteries in Low-temperature Environment

作　　者：杨宗豫 王迎晖[1] 路慧杰 王探靖 YANG Zongyu;WANG Yinghui;LU Huijie;WANG Tanjing(China Ship Scientific Research Center,Jiangsu Wuxi 214082,China;Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏无锡214082 [2]北京航空航天大学,北京100191

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2025年第4期99-105,共7页Equipment Environmental Engineering

基　　金：水动力学全国重点实验室基金。

摘　　要：目的验证某船用铅酸蓄电池在低温环境下的功能特性,探讨低温环境因素与铅酸蓄电池功能丧失、性能下降的关系。方法基于环境模拟试验,分析在-30~0℃固定温度量值下铅酸蓄电池的低温贮存、低温放电特性规律。结果贮存试验结果表明,随温度降低,蓄电池内阻升高、启动电流降低,至-30℃时,蓄电池启动电流已降至冷启动电流值280 A。放电试验结果表明,放电温度越低,电压下降速率越高,其放电曲线呈现初期速降-略有回升-缓慢下降-接近截止电压后期快速降低的态势。结论低温引起的电解质黏度增大、浓度降低、内阻增加,影响到铅酸蓄电池的贮存及放电性能,铅酸蓄电池的低温适应及使用能力大幅下降。The work aims to verify the functional performance of lead-acid batteries in the low-temperature environment of the polar region and investigate the relationship between the low-temperature environmental factors and the loss of function and performance degradation of lead-acid batteries.Based on the environmental simulation test,the low-temperature storage and low-temperature discharge characteristics of lead-acid batteries were analyzed under the fixed temperature values from–30℃to 0℃.In the storage test,as the temperature decreased,the internal resistance of the battery increased and the starting current decreased,and the changes of internal resistance and starting current had a tendency to accelerate.By–30℃,the starting current of the battery had dropped to the cold cranking ampere value of 280 A.In the low-temperature discharge tests,as the temperature decreased,the voltage rate drop went higher.The discharge curve showed a tendency of rapid decline in the initial stage-slight rebound-slow decline-steep decline towards the late cut-off voltage.The low temperature induces the increase in electrolyte viscosity,decrease in concentration,and increase in internal resistance,which affects the storage and discharge performance of lead-acid batteries.As a result,the low-temperature adaptability and usage ability of lead-acid batteries are significantly reduced.

关 键 词：船用设备 铅酸蓄电池 环境适应性 低温贮存 低温放电 启动电流 

分 类 号：TM912.1[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]