政府、企业与公益组织交换网络的运作机理与演变规律——基于H项目的过程追踪  

Operating Mechanisms and Evolutionary Patterns of Exchange Networks among Government, Enterprises, and Non-Profit Organizations——A Process-Tracking Study Based on Project H

作　　者：李毅 魏培晔 Li Yi;Wei Peiye(School of Public Policy and Administration,Chongqing University,Chongqing,400044,China;School of Smart Governance,Renmin University of China,Suzhou,215123,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学公共管理学院,重庆400044 [2]中国人民大学智慧治理学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2025年第2期101-113,173,共14页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金青年项目(23CRK012)。

摘　　要：在中国的治理实践中,不仅存在政府与企业、政府与社会组织、企业与社会组织之间的两两关系,还存在三部门关系理论与协作治理理论均无法有效解释的三方互动。网络交换理论有助于刻画并揭示此种三边互动的规律。本文采用纵向案例研究法,基于Y基金会发起运营的H项目35年发展史的过程追踪,回答中国政府、企业与公益组织构成的交换网络“如何运作”与“何以演变”两个问题。研究发现:从互动过程来看,三方构成了一个典型的“交换循环”——政府为企业开放专属的象征性资源和渠道支持,促进企业捐赠公益组织;公益组织获得捐赠后,不断回应政府需求;政府赋能拥有官方背景的公益组织,吸引企业加大资源投入。从演变趋势来看,这一交换网络呈现从协商式向互惠式、从链条式向生产式演变的趋势。从演变动因与机制来看,政府介入方式从显性在场转向隐性在场、从专属支持转向普惠支持,是交换网络发生演变的起因,它通过“企业行为模式分化”“理念共识与情感纽带生成”“互惠性与嵌入性双向促进”三个环环相扣的部件组成的因果机制,引发交换网络形态的变化。本文打开了中国政府、企业与公益组织三方交换网络的运行黑箱,以中国经验增进了对交换网络运行与演变规律的理解,为发挥跨部门合力贡献了中国智慧。In China's governance practice, there exist not only pairwise relations between government and enterprises, government and social organizations, and enterprises and social organizations, but also tripartite interactions that the theory of three-sector relationships or collaborative governance cannot effectively explain. And network exchange theory helps depict and reveal the patterns of such trilateral interactions. This paper adopts a longitudinal case study approach, based on a process-tracking of the 35-year development history of the H project initiated and operated by the Y Foundation, to answer two questions: How does the exchange network consisting of the Chinese government, enterprises, and non-profit organizations operate and how does it evolve?The study finds that, from the perspective of the interaction process, the three parties form a typical exchange cycle: The government opens exclusive symbolic resources and channel support for enterprises to encourage donations to non-profit organizations;After obtaining donations, non-profit organizations continuously respond to government needs;And the government empowers non-profit organizations with official backgrounds to attract enterprises to increase resource investment. From the perspective of evolutionary trends, this exchange network exhibits a trend of evolving from negotiation-based to reciprocity-based, and from chain-like to production-oriented. In terms of evolutionary drivers and mechanisms, the shift in government intervention from explicit to implicit presence and from exclusive to inclusive support is the cause of the evolution of the exchange network.This shift triggers changes in the form of the exchange network through a causal mechanism composed of three interconnected components: "Differentiation of corporate behavior patterns", "generation of value consensus and emotional ties" and "mutual promotion of reciprocity and embeddedness". This paper unveils the operational black box of the tripartite exchange network involving the Chinese gove

关 键 词：跨部门合作 公益组织 交换网络 网络演变 过程追踪 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]