中国边境民族文字的发展状况  

The Development of Scripts of Ethnic Minority Groups in China's Border Regions

作　　者：黄行 Huang Xing

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学珠海校区人文和社会科学高等研究院,广东珠海519087 [2]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2025年第3期30-38,共9页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：国家社科基金社团项目“西北民族语言交流与铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究”(21STA025)。

摘　　要：中国边境民族文字具有系属多样性和文明多元性的特点,具体文种包括源自阿拉米文的婆罗米字母、粟特文字母、阿拉伯字母文字,源自希腊语的拉丁字母文字,和自源的汉字系文字。1950年代,中国政府就开始帮助无文字或原有文字不完备的民族新创、改革或改进拉丁文字;1980年代,又开启民族语言文字现代化,对传统民族文字进行拉丁化转写,促进非通用字符文字的信息处理和信息交换。现已研发制定多种民族文种的字符集、键盘和字模的国家标准,其中藏文、蒙古文的字符集标准已通过国际标准化组织的审定,成为国际标准。由于中国独立自主地开展民族文字信息技术标准化,不受境外国家相同文字标准影响,中国边境民族文字与邻国相同民族文字客观存在着文字属性和功能的不对称。由此产生的一系列问题,有可能对语言文字的边境治理和边境安全产生影响,需要在国家的语言文字政策规划和治理手段方面引起关注。The scripts of ethnic minority groups in China's border regions exhibit both genealogical diversity and civilizational plurality.These scripts include Aramaic-based alphabetic systems such as Brahmi,Sogdian and Arabic scripts;Greek-based alphabetic script such as Latin;and indigenous scripts based on Chinese characters.Since the 1950s,ethnic groups without scripts or with underdeveloped scripts have created,reformed,or refined Latin-based writing systems under the assistance of the Chinese government.In the 1980s,modernization ef forts for the languages and scripts of ethnic minority groups were launched,and the initiatives include the Romanization of traditional scripts to facilitate information processing and the exchange of non-universal characters.National standards have since been developed for character sets,keyboards,and fonts across various ethnic scripts,with Tibetan and Mongolian script standards being o fficially recognized as international standards by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).Unlike neighboring countries that share similar scripts,China independently designs and develops information technology standards for the scripts of its ethnic minority groups.This has resulted in asymmetry in script attributes and functionalities,creating discrepancies that may lead to challenges in border governance and security related to language and script policies.These issues underscore the importance of national language policy planning and governance strategies.

关 键 词：民族文字 文明传承 国际通用 信息处理 语言沟通与认同 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]