中国边境语言调查研究的现状与展望  

Current and Future Research on Chinese Border Languages

作　　者：王莉宁[1] 王启伟 Wang Lining;Wang Qiwei

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学中国语言资源保护研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2025年第3期39-49,共11页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

摘　　要：中国边境语言主要指分布于中国陆地边境县级单位内的语言。中国边境语言语种多,使用民族类别丰富,跨境分布,濒危性突出,是语言文字具有安全资源、战略资源属性的核心体现。自20世纪50年代开始,有关部门多次开展全国规模的语言调查,但对边境语言的调查研究成果表明,当前存在调查覆盖率不足、语言规划建构尚待完善、资源开发应用尚未起步等薄弱环节。建议从3个方面深化边境语言调查研究和开发应用:第一,统一规划,实现全覆盖调查;第二,战略牵引,完善边境语言政策体系;第三,加强智库建设,推动成果转化,以更好服务社会发展,助力提升国家语言能力。Chinese border languages mainly refer to the languages spoken within county-level jurisdictions along China's land borders.This study systematically categorizes the varieties and types of Chinese border languages,highlighting their significant characteristics such as a wide array of languages,a rich diversity of ethnic groups,cross-border distribution,and pronounced endangerment.These languages are central to understanding language and scripts as both security and strategic resources.Building on this foundation,this paper reviews the accomplishments of border language investigation conducted in large-scale language surveys in China,focusing on linguistic ontology,language life,and language policy.It identifies several weaknesses in the current research,including insu fficient investigation coverage,incomplete language planning frameworks,and limited progress in resource development and application.Finally,the paper provides three recommendations to advance the research,development,and application of border languages:firstly,implementing unified planning to ensure comprehensive investigation coverage;secondly,leveraging strategic guidance to enhance the border language policy framework;and thirdly,strengthening think tank construction to facilitate the transformation of research outcomes,thereby better serving social development and enhancing national language capacity.

关 键 词：边境语言 濒危语言 语言国情 语言能力 边疆治理 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]