高句丽的选官方式探讨  

An Exploration of the Official Selection System in Goguryeo

作　　者：孙炜冉[1] SUN Weiran(Goguryeo Research Institute of Tonghua Normal University,Tonghua 134002,China)

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院高句丽研究院,吉林通化134002

出　　处：《长春师范大学学报》2025年第3期8-13,共6页Journal of Changchun Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金专项项目“高句丽文化研究”(17VGB009)。

摘　　要：高句丽建立于汉朝郡县之中,在选官方式上基本承袭了秦汉以来的世袭制、军功爵制、察举制、征辟制,甚至类似的九品中正制。其中,世袭制最早出现,在建国之初便被采用;军功爵制最早出现于大武神王时期;察举制首现于太祖大王时期;征辟制首现于故国川王时期;类似的九品中正制在北魏时期就已存在。五种选官方式一直延续至高句丽亡国。虽然隋唐时期中原王朝开始实行科举制,但高句丽社会发展略缓于中原地区,所以还未出现科举制便已亡国。总体来说,高句丽的选官方式承袭汉魏,见证了高句丽制度文化与中原制度文化的交往、交流与交融的过程。The Goguryeo Kingdom was established within the Han Dynasty's commandery-county system.Its official selection mechanisms primarily inherited traditional systems from the Qin and Han dynasties,including hereditary appointments,military merit system,recommendation-based selection(Chaju),direct recruitment(Zhengbi),and even a system resembling the later Nine-Rank System(Jiupin Zhongzheng).Among these,the hereditary system emerged earliest and was adopted at the kingdom s founding;the military merit system first appeared during the reign of King Daemusin;the recommendation system originated in the era of King Taejo;the recruitment system debuted under King Gogukcheon;while the Nine-Rank-like system already existed during the Northern Wei period.These five selection methods persisted until Goguryeo's fall.Although the Sui and Tang dynasties implemented the imperial examination system in the Central Plains,Goguryeo's social development lagged behind the Central Plains region,and it collapsed before such an examination system could emerge there.Overall,Goguryeo's official selection mechanisms inherited the Han-Wei traditions,witnessing the cultural interaction,exchange,and integration between Goguryeo's institutional culture and that of the Central Plains.

关 键 词：高句丽 选官方式 世袭制 军功爵制 察举制 征辟制 大中正 

分 类 号：K28[历史地理—历史学]